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All of GEM’s products are freely available for public good, non-commercial use, but they may have different license restrictions. Open and free distribution of data, models, and tools remains at the core of GEM’s work, further enhancing their availability and accessibility.
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Available Seismic Hazard and Risk Models and Datasets
The gallery or list will show the region, country, or territory that currently has GEM seismic hazard and exposure models based on your search input.
By selecting a region in the global map below, a table will appear to quickly take you to the available resources in that region. You can also use the Search box to look up any specific region, country or territory.
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Product | Short Description | License | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
Active Faults Database | A repository with global homogenised characteristics of active faults | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Dataset |
Africa Exposure | Repository with the inventory of residential, commercial and industrial buildings in Africa | CC BY-SA 4.0/CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
Alaska Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Alaska | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Model |
Arabia Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for the Arabian Peninsula | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Model |
Atlas - Global Seismic Hazard Curves | A dynamic web portal and API featuring instant display and download of hazard curves worldwide | Custom license | Dataset |
Australia Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Australia | CC BY 4.0 | Model |
California UCERF3 | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for California UCERF3 source model portion | Custom license | Model |
Canada Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Canada | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
Caribbean & Central America Exposure | Repository with the inventory of residential, commercial and industrial buildings in the Caribbean and Central America | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
Caribbean & Central America Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for the Caribbean & Central America | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Model |
Central Asia Exposure | Repository with the inventory of residential, commercial and industrial buildings in Central Asia | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
Central Asia Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Central Asia | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Model |
China Financial Loss Model | Country model to assess potential financial losses to commercial, industrial and residential buildings due to earthquakes | Custom license | Model |
China Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for China | Custom license | Model |
Colombia Financial Loss Model | Country model to assess potential financial losses to commercial, industrial and residential buildings due to earthquakes | Custom license | Model |
Conterminous US Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for conterminous territories of the United States (including California) | Custom license | Model |
Country-Territory Seismic Risk Profiles | A collection of seismic risk profiles, summarizing key metrics of risk for most countries/territories in the world at a glance | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Dataset |
Dominican Republic Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for the Dominican Republic | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Model |
Earthquake Scenario Database | A collection of earthquake footprints and consequences from past events | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Dataset |
East Asia Exposure | Repository with the inventory of residential, commercial and industrial buildings in East Asia | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
Europe Exposure | Repository with the inventory of residential, commercial and industrial buildings in Europe | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
Europe Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Europe | CC BY 4.0 | Model |
GEM Global Historical Earthquake Archive (GHEA) | A historical earthquake catalogue for the period 1000–1903, with magnitude Mw7 and over, derived from the Global Historical Earthquake Archive | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Dataset |
GEM Strain Rate Model | A digital model of global strain rate estimates based on geodetic (mainly GPS) velocity data | CC BY 4.0 | Model |
Global Exposure Model | Comprehensive datasets of the residential, commercial and industrial building stock worldwide | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
Global Seismic Hazard Map | Openly accessible global datasets and plots for peak ground acceleration with a return period of 475 years on rock | CC BY-SA 4.0/CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Map |
Global Seismic Risk Map | A milestone in global earthquake risk assessment | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Map |
Global Vulnerability Model | Sets of functions to assess the consequences of earthquakes on the built environment of the world | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
Hawaii Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Hawaii | Custom license | Model |
ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue | An instrumental earthquake catalogue compiled by the International Seismological Centre (ISC) for the period of 1904-2021 | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Dataset |
India and surroundings Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for India and surrounding territories | AGPL v3.0 | Model |
Indonesia Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Indonesia | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
Japan Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Japan | Custom license | Model |
Mexico Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Mexico | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
Middle East Exposure | Repository with the inventory of residential, commercial and industrial buildings in Middle East | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
Middle East Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for the Middle East | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Model |
New Zealand Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for New Zealand | As original | Model |
North America Exposure | Repository with the inventory of residential, commercial and industrial buildings in North America | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
North Asia Exposure | Repository with the inventory of residential, commercial and industrial buildings in North Asia | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
North and South Korea Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for the Korean Peninsula | Custom license | Model |
Northeast Asia Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Northeast Asia | Custom license | Model |
Northern Africa Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Northern Africa | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
Northwest Asia Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Northwest Asia | Custom license | Model |
Oceania Exposure | Repository with the inventory of residential, commercial and industrial buildings in Oceania | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
OpenQuake Engine | State-of-the-art, open-source software collaboratively developed for earthquake hazard and risk modelling | AGPL v3.0 | Software |
OpenQuake QGIS Plugin | Plugin to drive and visualize OpenQuake engine results in QGIS | AGPL v3.0 | Software |
Pacific Islands Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for the Pacific Islands | Custom license | Model |
Papua New Guinea Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Papua New Guinea | CC BY 4.0 | Model |
Philippine Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for the Philippines | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
South Africa Financial Loss Model | Country model to assess potential financial losses to commercial, industrial and residential buildings due to earthquakes | Custom license | Model |
South Africa Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for South Africa | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Model |
South America Exposure | Repository with the inventory of residential, commercial and industrial buildings in South America | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
South America Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for South America | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
South Asia Exposure | Repository with the inventory of residential, commercial and industrial buildings in South Asia | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
Southeast Asia Exposure | Repository with the inventory of residential, commercial and industrial buildings in Southeast Asia | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
Southeast Asia Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Southeast Asia | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Model |
Sub-Saharan Africa Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Sub-Saharan Africa | CC BY-SA 4.0/CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
Taiwan Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Taiwan | CC BY-SA 4.0 | Model |
Western Africa Hazard | OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Western Africa | CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | Model |
Model
Philippine Hazard
License type:
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
The initial version (v2018.0.0) of the seismic hazard model for the Philippines was developed by the jointly by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) and the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) in the OpenQuake engine format.
Since the original version, several updates were made to the model by the GEM hazard team, leading to the latest release (v2018.2.0), which was used in the computation of the 2023 Global Earthquake Hazard and Risk Maps. Among other important improvements, this model extends the minimum magnitude of events for crustal distributed seismicity and updated the GMPEs used for more recent ones.
Model
South Africa Financial Loss Model
License type:
Custom license
GEM's South Africa earthquake risk model was generated using the hazard model for South Africa developed by the South Africa Council for Geoscience as the national hazard model, and for input to South Africa building design regulations. The vulnerability and exposure models and data were developed by GEM and cover the residential, commercial and industrial building stock. The risk model may be used to assess potential financial losses to commercial, industrial and residential buildings due to earthquake ground shaking. Further technical information can be found in the documentation.
GEM extensively collaborated with its private and public partners to test and validate the model against industry standards in order to produce a new model that represents GEM’s view of risk. The model is available in Oasis and Touchstone formats, as well as through the NASDAQ platform.
Model
South Africa Hazard
License type:
CC BY-SA 4.0
The initial version of the model was developed by scientists from the Council for Geoscience, South Africa and the Indian Institute of Technology, Jammu, India. The model is described by Midzi et al. (2019). The seismic source model was developed using a newly updated catalogue and consists of zones of distributed seismicity, while the ground motion logic tree consists of two existing ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) derived for active shallow crust. The model was originally created for the OpenQuake engine. The latest openly available version is v2018.0.2.
Since the original version, several updates were made to the model by the GEM hazard team, leading to the latest release (v2018.1.0), which was used in the computation of the 2023 Global Earthquake Hazard and Risk Maps. Among other important improvements, this model extends the minimum magnitude of events for crustal distributed seismicity and updated the GMPEs used for more recent ones.
Model
South America Exposure
License type:
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
The Global Exposure Model is a mosaic of local and regional models with information regarding the residential, commercial, and industrial building stock at the smallest available administrative division of each country and includes details about the number of buildings, number of occupants, vulnerability characteristics, average built-up area, and average replacement cost.
The dataset is developed and maintained by the GEM Foundation, using a bottom-up approach at the global scale, using national statistics, socio-economic data, and local datasets. This model allows the identification of the most common types of construction worldwide, regions with large fractions of informal construction, and areas prone to natural disasters with a high concentration of population and building stock.
The South America region of the model includes the information pertaining the following countries/territories:
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, French_Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela
Model
South America Hazard
License type:
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
The first version of the South America Model (v2016.0.0) was developed in the framework of the SARA project (SARA project v1.0, Garcia et al., 2017) funded by Swiss Re Foundation and benefits of the contribution of an important group of South American Institutions.
Since the original version, several significant updates have been made to the model by the GEM hazard team, leading to the latest release (v2020.1.0), which was used in the computation of the 2023 Global Earthquake Hazard and Risk Maps. This model covers the whole South American continent, with the exception of the Faulkland and the Galapagos Islands. Panama and the northeastern part of the Caribbean have been updated using newer information from the CCARA project, a GEM collaboration project funded by USAID.
Model
South Asia Exposure
License type:
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
The Global Exposure Model is a mosaic of local and regional models with information regarding the residential, commercial, and industrial building stock at the smallest available administrative division of each country and includes details about the number of buildings, number of occupants, vulnerability characteristics, average built-up area, and average replacement cost.
The dataset is developed and maintained by the GEM Foundation, using a bottom-up approach at the global scale, using national statistics, socio-economic data, and local datasets. This model allows the identification of the most common types of construction worldwide, regions with large fractions of informal construction, and areas prone to natural disasters with a high concentration of population and building stock.
The South Asia region of the model includes the information pertaining the following countries/territories:
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri_Lanka
Model
Southeast Asia Exposure
License type:
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
The Global Exposure Model is a mosaic of local and regional models with information regarding the residential, commercial, and industrial building stock at the smallest available administrative division of each country and includes details about the number of buildings, number of occupants, vulnerability characteristics, average built-up area, and average replacement cost.
The dataset is developed and maintained by the GEM Foundation, using a bottom-up approach at the global scale, using national statistics, socio-economic data, and local datasets. This model allows the identification of the most common types of construction worldwide, regions with large fractions of informal construction, and areas prone to natural disasters with a high concentration of population and building stock.
The Southeast Asia region of the model includes the information pertaining the following countries/territories:
Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor_Leste, Vietnam
Model
Southeast Asia Hazard
License type:
CC BY-SA 4.0
The most updated open version of the hazard model for Continental Southeast Asia (v2018.0.2) covers Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Singapore, and West Malaysia. The model was developed by a group of scientists from Singapore, Thailand, Myanmar and Vietnam. It was originally developed in the OpenQuake engine. Two seismic source models were independently developed by the Earth Observatory of Singapore (Chan et al., in prep) and Mahidol University (Ornthammarath et al., in prep). The two source models are weighted equally in a source model logic tree. The Ground Motion Characterisation for the two models is the same.
Since the original version, several significant updates have been made to the model by the GEM hazard team, leading to the latest release (v2018.1.0), which was used in the computation of the 2023 Global Earthquake Hazard and Risk Maps. Differences in between the models can be consulted in the documentation.
Model
Sub-Saharan Africa Hazard
License type:
CC BY-SA 4.0/CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
The first version of the hazard model for Sub-Saharan Africa (v2016.0.0) was developed by GEM in collaboration with AfricaArray within the USAID-supported SSAHARA project. The original model is extensively described in Poggi et al. (2017).
Since the original version, an extended and improved version was developed (v2018.0.0) by introducing a procedure of earthquake-driven redistribution of activity rates (smoothed seismicity approach) on the previously defined source zones. Moreover, the current model includes now Madagascar, for which an ad-hoc seismicity analysis was carried out. The latest version (v2018.0.1) was used in the computation of the 2023 Global Earthquake Hazard and Risk Maps, which includes an extension of the minimum magnitude of events for crustal distributed seismicity.
Differences between the different versions can be consulted in the documentation.
Model
Taiwan Hazard
License type:
CC BY-SA 4.0
Coverage of Taiwan is obtained with the hazard models developed within the Taiwan Earthquake Model (TEM) initiative. The model was originally implemented for the OpenQuake engine.
The original version (v2015.0.0) was used for the initial release of the 2018 Global Earthquake and Hazard and Risk Maps. Since then, an updated model (v2020.0.1) was developed in collaboration between GEM and TEM, which was used in the computation of the 2023 release of the updated Global Maps. The latest version is awating an official release to the public.
Model
Western Africa Hazard
License type:
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
The Western Africa model (v2018.0.0) was developed internally by GEM. The model encompasses the whole Atlantic side of the Africa continent. An ad-hoc homogenised earthquake catalogue was developed based on globally available information, which was used as primary base for seismic occurrence analysis and the subsequent development of the source zonation model. The analysis was particularly challenging in the region, due to the severe incompleteness of calibration data, and the virtually nonexistent neotectonic information.
Since the original version, an update was made to the model by the GEM hazard team, leading to the latest release (v2018.1.0), which was used in the computation of the 2023 Global Earthquake Hazard and Risk Maps. This model extends the minimum magnitude of events for crustal distributed seismicity and included an additional GMPE in the logic tree.
Model
Philippine Hazard
License type:
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
The initial version (v2018.0.0) of the seismic hazard model for the Philippines was developed by the jointly by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) and the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) in the OpenQuake engine format.
Since the original version, several updates were made to the model by the GEM hazard team, leading to the latest release (v2018.2.0), which was used in the computation of the 2023 Global Earthquake Hazard and Risk Maps. Among other important improvements, this model extends the minimum magnitude of events for crustal distributed seismicity and updated the GMPEs used for more recent ones.
Model
South Africa Financial Loss Model
License type:
Custom license
GEM's South Africa earthquake risk model was generated using the hazard model for South Africa developed by the South Africa Council for Geoscience as the national hazard model, and for input to South Africa building design regulations. The vulnerability and exposure models and data were developed by GEM and cover the residential, commercial and industrial building stock. The risk model may be used to assess potential financial losses to commercial, industrial and residential buildings due to earthquake ground shaking. Further technical information can be found in the documentation.
GEM extensively collaborated with its private and public partners to test and validate the model against industry standards in order to produce a new model that represents GEM’s view of risk. The model is available in Oasis and Touchstone formats, as well as through the NASDAQ platform.
Model
South Africa Hazard
License type:
CC BY-SA 4.0
The initial version of the model was developed by scientists from the Council for Geoscience, South Africa and the Indian Institute of Technology, Jammu, India. The model is described by Midzi et al. (2019). The seismic source model was developed using a newly updated catalogue and consists of zones of distributed seismicity, while the ground motion logic tree consists of two existing ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) derived for active shallow crust. The model was originally created for the OpenQuake engine. The latest openly available version is v2018.0.2.
Since the original version, several updates were made to the model by the GEM hazard team, leading to the latest release (v2018.1.0), which was used in the computation of the 2023 Global Earthquake Hazard and Risk Maps. Among other important improvements, this model extends the minimum magnitude of events for crustal distributed seismicity and updated the GMPEs used for more recent ones.
Model
South America Exposure
License type:
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
The Global Exposure Model is a mosaic of local and regional models with information regarding the residential, commercial, and industrial building stock at the smallest available administrative division of each country and includes details about the number of buildings, number of occupants, vulnerability characteristics, average built-up area, and average replacement cost.
The dataset is developed and maintained by the GEM Foundation, using a bottom-up approach at the global scale, using national statistics, socio-economic data, and local datasets. This model allows the identification of the most common types of construction worldwide, regions with large fractions of informal construction, and areas prone to natural disasters with a high concentration of population and building stock.
The South America region of the model includes the information pertaining the following countries/territories:
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, French_Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela
Model
South America Hazard
License type:
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
The first version of the South America Model (v2016.0.0) was developed in the framework of the SARA project (SARA project v1.0, Garcia et al., 2017) funded by Swiss Re Foundation and benefits of the contribution of an important group of South American Institutions.
Since the original version, several significant updates have been made to the model by the GEM hazard team, leading to the latest release (v2020.1.0), which was used in the computation of the 2023 Global Earthquake Hazard and Risk Maps. This model covers the whole South American continent, with the exception of the Faulkland and the Galapagos Islands. Panama and the northeastern part of the Caribbean have been updated using newer information from the CCARA project, a GEM collaboration project funded by USAID.
Model
South Asia Exposure
License type:
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
The Global Exposure Model is a mosaic of local and regional models with information regarding the residential, commercial, and industrial building stock at the smallest available administrative division of each country and includes details about the number of buildings, number of occupants, vulnerability characteristics, average built-up area, and average replacement cost.
The dataset is developed and maintained by the GEM Foundation, using a bottom-up approach at the global scale, using national statistics, socio-economic data, and local datasets. This model allows the identification of the most common types of construction worldwide, regions with large fractions of informal construction, and areas prone to natural disasters with a high concentration of population and building stock.
The South Asia region of the model includes the information pertaining the following countries/territories:
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri_Lanka
Model
Southeast Asia Exposure
License type:
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
The Global Exposure Model is a mosaic of local and regional models with information regarding the residential, commercial, and industrial building stock at the smallest available administrative division of each country and includes details about the number of buildings, number of occupants, vulnerability characteristics, average built-up area, and average replacement cost.
The dataset is developed and maintained by the GEM Foundation, using a bottom-up approach at the global scale, using national statistics, socio-economic data, and local datasets. This model allows the identification of the most common types of construction worldwide, regions with large fractions of informal construction, and areas prone to natural disasters with a high concentration of population and building stock.
The Southeast Asia region of the model includes the information pertaining the following countries/territories:
Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Timor_Leste, Vietnam
Model
Southeast Asia Hazard
License type:
CC BY-SA 4.0
The most updated open version of the hazard model for Continental Southeast Asia (v2018.0.2) covers Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Singapore, and West Malaysia. The model was developed by a group of scientists from Singapore, Thailand, Myanmar and Vietnam. It was originally developed in the OpenQuake engine. Two seismic source models were independently developed by the Earth Observatory of Singapore (Chan et al., in prep) and Mahidol University (Ornthammarath et al., in prep). The two source models are weighted equally in a source model logic tree. The Ground Motion Characterisation for the two models is the same.
Since the original version, several significant updates have been made to the model by the GEM hazard team, leading to the latest release (v2018.1.0), which was used in the computation of the 2023 Global Earthquake Hazard and Risk Maps. Differences in between the models can be consulted in the documentation.
Model
Sub-Saharan Africa Hazard
License type:
CC BY-SA 4.0/CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
The first version of the hazard model for Sub-Saharan Africa (v2016.0.0) was developed by GEM in collaboration with AfricaArray within the USAID-supported SSAHARA project. The original model is extensively described in Poggi et al. (2017).
Since the original version, an extended and improved version was developed (v2018.0.0) by introducing a procedure of earthquake-driven redistribution of activity rates (smoothed seismicity approach) on the previously defined source zones. Moreover, the current model includes now Madagascar, for which an ad-hoc seismicity analysis was carried out. The latest version (v2018.0.1) was used in the computation of the 2023 Global Earthquake Hazard and Risk Maps, which includes an extension of the minimum magnitude of events for crustal distributed seismicity.
Differences between the different versions can be consulted in the documentation.
Model
Taiwan Hazard
License type:
CC BY-SA 4.0
Coverage of Taiwan is obtained with the hazard models developed within the Taiwan Earthquake Model (TEM) initiative. The model was originally implemented for the OpenQuake engine.
The original version (v2015.0.0) was used for the initial release of the 2018 Global Earthquake and Hazard and Risk Maps. Since then, an updated model (v2020.0.1) was developed in collaboration between GEM and TEM, which was used in the computation of the 2023 release of the updated Global Maps. The latest version is awating an official release to the public.
Model
Western Africa Hazard
License type:
CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
The Western Africa model (v2018.0.0) was developed internally by GEM. The model encompasses the whole Atlantic side of the Africa continent. An ad-hoc homogenised earthquake catalogue was developed based on globally available information, which was used as primary base for seismic occurrence analysis and the subsequent development of the source zonation model. The analysis was particularly challenging in the region, due to the severe incompleteness of calibration data, and the virtually nonexistent neotectonic information.
Since the original version, an update was made to the model by the GEM hazard team, leading to the latest release (v2018.1.0), which was used in the computation of the 2023 Global Earthquake Hazard and Risk Maps. This model extends the minimum magnitude of events for crustal distributed seismicity and included an additional GMPE in the logic tree.
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