The Global Seismic Risk Map (v2023.1) poster comprises three global maps, and a ranking of the top 15 countries according to five risk metrics. The main map presents the geographic distribution of average annual loss (AAL) of built-up area due to ground shaking in the residential, commercial and industrial building stock. It does not consider the effects of tsunamis, liquefaction, landslides, and fires following earthquakes. These results are an update of the global maps released in 2018, as described in Silva et al. (2020) and are based on best available and publicly accessible datasets and models, which have been collected, curated and maintained in collaboration between local experts and GEM Foundation scientists. The underlying dataset used to create the main map can be requested as a shapefile for use in research and public-good applications without cost, or for a licensing fee in the case of commercial applications. In addition to the AAL of built-up area depicted in the poster, the underlying dataset also includes estimates of average annual economic losses, number of buildings lost, population left homeless and fatalities.

The Global Vulnerability Model (v2023.1) consists of a set of functions that estimate the consequences of earthquakes of a given intensity to different building typologies. This model includes curves to assess economic losses, divided in structural, non-structural and content losses, as well as estimates of fatalities. The database is separated by region-country/territory and considers functions for over 3500 building typologies identified in the Global Exposure Model developed, curated and maintained by the GEM Foundation. The fragility functions are derived analytically, using non-linear time-history analyses on equivalent single-degree-of-freedom oscillators and a large set of ground motion records representing several tectonic environments. The entire database is available for direct download under a CC BY-NC-SA license for risk modelers, analysts and researchers to perform seismic risk assessment on their portfolios.

The Global Hazard Mosaic coverage of Hawaii is based on the 1998 United States Geological Survey (USGS) model of Klein et al., (2001). The GEM implementation relies on the best judgement of the Secretariat in converting the documented model into the OpenQuake engine format from the NSHMP input files provided by the USGS.

Coverage of the Indian subcontinent is with the hazard model developed by Nath and Thingbaijam (2012). This model covers India, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Nepal. The model has been updated and translated from its original format into the OpenQuake engine in collaboration with Natural Resources Canada.

The initial version (v2017.0.0) of the seismic hazard model for Indonesia was developed by the Team for Updating Seismic Hazard Maps of Indonesia of the National Center for Earthquake Studies, Indonesia. (Irsyam et al., 2017). The model builds on the experience collected throughout the last 15 years and on international collaborations notably with the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and Geoscience Australia. The model was originally produced partly using the NSHMP software of the USGS and partly in the OpenQuake (OQ) engine. To achieve an entirely OQ implementation, part of the model has been translated from its original format into OQ. Since the original version, an update was made to the model by the GEM hazard team, leading to the latest release (v2017.1.0), which was used in the computation of the 2023 Global Earthquake Hazard and Risk Maps. This model extends the minimum magnitude of events for crustal distributed seismicity and updated the GMPEs used for more recent ones.

The Global Hazard Mosaic coverage of Japan is based on the 2014 seismic hazard model issued by the Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion (HERP). The model is described by Fujiwara et al. (2009), Fujiwara et al. (2015), and Fujiwara et al. (2023). The model has been translated from its original format into the OpenQuake (OQ) engine within a collaboration between the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) of Japan, and GEM.

The covering of Mexico (MEX) was developed by the GEM hazard team and within a project funded by Suramericana (Sura). The model was originally implemented in the OpenQuake engine.