Papers, articles and reports are released as part of GEM's advancing science & knowledge-sharing initiatives. Selected reports and other materials produced by the international consortia on global projects, working groups and regional collaborations can also be found below. PUBLICATIONS Papers, articles and reports are released as part of GEM's advancing science & knowledge-sharing initiatives. Selected reports and other materials produced by the international consortia on global projects, working groups and regional collaborations can also be found below. Share Facebook LinkedIn Featured Publications Development of a global seismic risk model GEM Strategic Plan and Roadmap to 2030 Improving Post-Disaster Damage Data Collection to Inform Decision-Making Final Report Anchor 1 Publications List 0 Sort by Title: A-Z Z-A List Gallery Download ATLAS 2.0: Ground-shaking intensities at multiple return periods all over the world Type: Brochure Year: 2024 ATLAS 2.0 is GEM’s new hazard data service that allows users to access and interact with the outputs from the GEM Global Mosaic, used to generate the Global Seismic Hazard Maps. Available for public-good and commercial applications, users can now access full sets of hazard curves that describe the intensity of ground-shaking for different soil conditions, at multiple return periods, all over the world. Details Download Quantify Your Earthquake Risk: Expert Solutions from the GEM Foundation Type: Brochure Year: 2024 A quick glance of GEM's commercially available scientifically robust risk information and flagship products. The brochure also highlights GEM's collaborative projects globally for public good. Details Download Building a World Resilient to Earthquakes and other Natural Hazards Type: Brochure Year: 2024 An overview of the GEM Foundation's history, collaborative and transparent approach, pioneering scientific tools such as the OpenQuake Engine and the benefits of supporting GEM. Details Download Global building exposure model for earthquake risk assessment Type: Peer-reviewed Year: 2023 The global building exposure model is a mosaic of local and regional models with information regarding the residential, commercial, and industrial building stock at the smallest available administrative division of each country and includes details about the number of buildings, number of occupants, vulnerability characteristics, average built-up area, and average replacement cost. We aimed for a bottom-up approach at the global scale, using national statistics, socio-economic data, and local datasets. This model allows the identification of the most common types of construction worldwide, regions with large fractions of informal construction, and areas prone to earthquakes with a high concentration of population and building stock. The mosaic of exposure models presented herein can be used for the assessment of probabilistic seismic risk and earthquake scenarios. Information at the global, regional, and national levels is available through a public repository (https://github.com/gem/global_exposure_model), which will be used to maintain, update and improve the models. Details Download Development of a global seismic risk model Type: Peer-reviewed Year: 2020 The Development of a Global Seismic Risk Model was a mammoth undertaking that involved hundreds of people and for the first time presented a detailed view of seismic risk at the global scale. For some developing countries, this was the first time that a seismic risk map was produced, and the associated country profiles are being used by the local authorities. Details Download GEM Strategic Plan and Roadmap to 2030 Type: Brochure Year: 2022 GEM was founded in 2009 with the purpose of improving the global knowledge of earthquake risk and contributing to the reduction of risk worldwide. In 13 years, GEM has become widely known for its global effort to improve the state of practice of earthquake hazard and risk assessment and for its contribution to improving the state of knowledge of earthquake risk. Details Download Exploring benefit cost analysis to support earthquake risk mitigation in Central America Type: Peer-reviewed Year: 2022 We performed benefit-cost analysis to identify optimum retrofitting interventions for the two most vulnerable building typologies in Central America, unreinforced masonry and adobe, considering the direct costs due to building damage and the indirect costs associated with the injured and fatalities. We reviewed worldwide retrofitting techniques, selected those that could be applied in the region for these building types, and derived vulnerability functions considering the impact of each retrofitting intervention in the strength, stiffness, and ductility of the structures. Probabilistic seismic risk analyses were performed considering the original configuration of each building class, as well as the retrofitted version. We calculated average annual losses to estimate the annual savings due to the different structural interventions, and benefit cost ratios were estimated based on the associated cost of each retrofitting technique. Based on the benefit-cost analyses, for a 50-year time horizon and a 4% discount rate, retrofitting these building classes could be economically viable along the western coast of Central America. Details Download The adolescent years of seismic risk assessment Type: Peer-reviewed Year: 2022 Vitor Silva reflects on the current position of seismic risk assessment compared to its hazard counterpart, and posits that this discipline is expected to become common practice in disaster risk management, providing decision makers with valuable information not just about the current threat, but also how the impact of future disasters is expected to evolve. The growth of seismic risk assessment into its adult years will allow a more efficient design and implementation of risk mitigation measures. ultimately contributing to its main and only goal: the reduction of the human and economic losses caused by earthquakes. Details Download Exposure forecasting for seismic risk estimation: Application to Costa Rica Type: Peer-reviewed Year: 2021 This study proposes a framework to forecast the spatial distribution of population and residential buildings for the assessment of future disaster risk. The approach accounts for the number, location, and characteristics of future assets considering sources of aleatory and epistemic uncertainty in several time-dependent variables. The value of the methodology is demonstrated at the urban scale using an earthquake scenario for the Great Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica. Hundreds of trajectories representing future urban growth were generated using geographically weighted regression and multiple-agent systems. These were converted into exposure models featuring the spatial correlation of urban expansion and the densification of the built environment. The forecasted earthquake losses indicate a mean increase in the absolute human and economic losses by 2030. However, the trajectory of relative risk is reducing, suggesting that the long-term enforcement of seismic regulations and urban planning are effectively lowering seismic risk in the case of Costa Rica. Details Download Investment in Disaster Risk Management in Europe Makes Economic Sense Type: Report Year: 2021 The physical, financial, and social impacts of disasters in Europe are growing and will continue to grow unless urgent actions are taken. In the European Union (EU), during the period from 1980 to 2020, natural disasters affected nearly 50 million people and caused on average an economic loss of roughly €12 billion per year (EEA, 2020). The impacts of flood, wildfire, and extreme heat are increasing rapidly, and climate damages could reach €170 billion per year according to conservative estimates for a 3 scenario unless urgent action is taken now (Szewczyk, et al., 2020). Earthquakes, while rare, have a devastating impact on the ageing buildings and infrastructure of Europe that were constructed prior to modern codes; in Bucharest, for example, nearly 90% of the population lives in multifamily buildings with pre-modern building codes3 (Simpson & Markhvida, 2020). Within the EU, the top-five countries with the highest annual average loss to earthquake are Cyprus, Greece, Romania, Bulgaria, and Croatia, and for floods the top-five countries are Romania, Slovenia, Latvia, Bulgaria, and Austria.4 However, disasters do not affect everyone equally: poor, elderly, very young, and marginalized populations are most affected and least able to recover. In Romania, Greece, Croatia, and Bulgaria, for example, the socio-economic resilience of the poor is on average less than 30% of the national average (World Bank, 2020). Moreover, the local and regional administrations in the poorer and more disadvantaged areas have the least capacity to design and implement resilience investments. Details Title Year Type Topic Journal ATLAS 2.0: Ground-shaking intensities at multiple return periods all over the world 2024 Brochure Hazard Quantify Your Earthquake Risk: Expert Solutions from the GEM Foundation 2024 Brochure Products Building a World Resilient to Earthquakes and other Natural Hazards 2024 Brochure GEM Global building exposure model for earthquake risk assessment 2023 Peer-reviewed Exposure Earthquake Spectra Development of a global seismic risk model 2020 Peer-reviewed Risk Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering GEM Strategic Plan and Roadmap to 2030 2022 Brochure GEM Exploring benefit cost analysis to support earthquake risk mitigation in Central America 2022 Peer-reviewed Risk International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction The adolescent years of seismic risk assessment 2022 Peer-reviewed Risk Natural Hazards Exposure forecasting for seismic risk estimation: Application to Costa Rica 2021 Peer-reviewed Exposure Earthquake Spectra Investment in Disaster Risk Management in Europe Makes Economic Sense 2021 Report Risk Filter by publication type: Book chapter Brochure Peer-reviewed Report User manual Reset 1 2 3 4 5 1 ... 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ... 10

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GEM is comprised of collaborators from public, private, academic and non-government organizations worldwide. OUR PARTNERS GEM is comprised of collaborators from public, private, academic and non-government organizations worldwide. These partners work together to advance the state-of-the-art for disaster risk reduction by developing data, tools and information and conducting hazard and risk assessments for improving our understanding of earthquake hazard and risk globally. PUBLIC PRIVATE ASSOCIATE PROJECT DISTRIBUTION PAST PARTNERS Share Facebook LinkedIn Public Governors Public Governors Croatian Centre of Earthquake Engineering (UNIZG FCE and IS) Member Public Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Fonds de Solidarité contre les Événements Catastrophiques - FSEC (Morocco) Member Public Governor Sponsor. Voting Member National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (Japan) Member Public Governor Sponsor. Voting Member State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (Switzerland) Member Public Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Department of Civil Protection (Italy) Member Public Governor Sponsor. Voting Member and Vice-chair GeoScience Australia Member Public Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Natural Environment Research Council (UK) Member Public Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Taiwan Earthquake Model-TEM Member Public Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Earth Sciences New Zealand Member Public Governor Sponsor. Voting Member National Building Review Board (NBRB) of Uganda Member Public Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Natural Resources Canada Member Public Governor Sponsor. Voting Member private Private Partners Governors Allianz Governor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member EUCENTRE Governor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Marsh McLennan/Guy Carpenter Governor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member PartnerRe Governor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Verisk Governor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Aon Governor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Factory Mutual Insurance - FM Governor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Moody's RMS Governor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Renaissance Re Governor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Willis Towers Watson Governor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Atlantic Re Governor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Hannover Re Governor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member and Chair Munich Re Governor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Swiss Re Governor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Zurich Insurance Group Governor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Advisors AXA Sponsor Advisor Sponsor. Non-Voting Member Gallagher Re Sponsor Advisor Sponsor. Non-Voting Member CelsiusPro Sponsor Advisor Sponsor. Non-Voting Member Liberty Mutual Reinsurance Sponsor Advisor Sponsor. Non-Voting Member Descartes Underwriting Sponsor Advisor Sponsor. Non-Voting Member Safehub Sponsor Advisor Sponsor. Non-Voting Member associate Associate Partners APDIM Member Associate. Non-Voting Member IASPEI Member Associate. Non-Voting Member UNESCO Member Associate. Non-Voting Member EERI Member Associate. Non-Voting Member IRDR Member Associate. Non-Voting Member United States Geological Survey (USGS) Member Associate. Non-Voting Member IAEE Member Associate. Non-Voting Member UNDRR Member Associate. Non-Voting Member project partners Project Partners Department of Defense, USA Institutional Project Partner EdF Member Institutional Project Partner Suramericana Member Institutional Project Partner Distribution Product Distribution Partners AddressCloud Product Distributor Jupiter Intelligence Product Distributor Aon Impact Forecasting Product Distributor Othersphere Product Distributor ImageCat Product Distributor Verisk Product Distributor GEM Past Sponsors and Partners Past Organization Sponsor Type Country 100RC Associate NA Arup Private Sponsor United Kingdom Belgium Science Policy Public Sponsor Belgium Bogazici University Public Sponsor Türkiye CAMICON Public Sponsor Ecuador CIGIDEN Public Sponsor Chile Colombian Geological Survey Public Sponsor Colombia DASK Public Sponsor Türkiye FUNVISIS Public Sponsor Venezuela GFDRR-World Bank Associate NA GIROJ Private Sponsor Japan Global Parametrics Private Sponsor United Kingdom HelmHoltz Centre Potsdam-GFZ Public Sponsor Germany IStructE Associate NA Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Public Sponsor Singapore National Society for Earthquake Technology-NSET Public Sponsor Nepal Nephila Private Sponsor Bermuda NormanMax Insurance Solutions Advisor Sponsor United States OYO Private Sponsor Japan One Concern Advisor Sponsor United States The Research Council of Norway-NORSAR Public Sponsor Norway United States Agency for International Development-USAID Public Sponsor United States

GEM is comprised of the Secretariat, a Governing Board from public, private, academic and non-government organizations worldwide, and an Advisory Board GEM TEAM GEM, comprised of the Secretariat, a diverse Governing Board, and an Advisory Board, strives collectively to enhance earthquake risk reduction globally. Operating from EUCENTRE in Pavia, Italy, our international Secretariat spearheads efforts in data development and hazard and risk assessment. Learn more about our team members below. Share Facebook LinkedIn Organigram Secretariat Management Support Hazard Team Risk Team I.T. Advisory Board Governing Board Anchor 1 Joerg Steffensen Hannover Re Chair Daniela Di Bucci Department of Civil Protection (Italy) Vice Chair Iain Stewart University of Plymouth, UK Advisory Board Vice Chair Laurie Johnson Laurie Johnson Consulting, U.S.A. Advisory Board Chair Marco Pagani Head of Seismic Hazards Helen Crowley Secretary General Vitor Silva Head of Risk Engineering Paul Henshaw Director of Tech. & Devt. Antonio Ettorre Systems Administrator Italy Armando Scarpati Frontend Developer Italy Matteo Nastasi Senior Software Developer Italy Michele Simionato Senior Software Developer Italy Paolo Tormene Senior Software Developer Italy Helen Crowley Secretary General United Kingdom Marco Pagani Head of Seismic Hazards Italy Vitor Silva Head of Risk Engineering Portugal Paul Henshaw Director of Tech. & Devt. United Kingdom Chiara Pigoli Accounting & Administrative Officer Italy Jephraim Oro Communications Coordinator Philippines Jessica Campo Administrative & Social Media Asst. Italy Pratim Parash Kalita Product Manager India Beatrice Giorgi Human Resources Italy Ettore Festa Health and Safety Manager Italy Giuseppe Lombardi Human Resources Italy Jamal Dabbeek Arab States Regional Coordinator Palestine Simone Aliprandi Contracts and Licensing Advisor Italy Amir Taherian University of Aveiro Iran Daniel Gomez University of Aveiro Colombia Fatemeh Alishahiha IUSS Pavia Iran Furkan Narlitepe IUSS Pavia Turkey Julian Montejo University of Chieti-Pescara Colombia Niloofar Kazemiasl IUSS Pavia Iran Salvador Ramos University of Aveiro Mexico Zarin Karim Zadeh University of Aveiro Iran Astha Poudel University of Lisbon Greece Mara Mita University of Porto Portugal Al Mouayed Bellah Nafeh Physical Vulnerability Lead Lebanon Alejandro Calderon Exposure Research Lead Costa Rica Anirudh Rao Seismic Risk Modelling Lead India Catalina Yepes Exposure Development Lead Colombia Catarina Costa Infrastructure Risk Lead Portugal Daniela González González Exposure Analyst Colombia Karim Aljawhari Physical Vulnerability Modeller Palestine Marco Baiguera Exposure Analyst Italy Martina Caruso Seismic Risk Modeller Italy Daniela Charris Exposure Analyst Colombia Jovana Borozan Seismic Risk Modeller Serbia Christopher Brooks Seismic Hazard Scientist United Kingdom Francesco Serafini Seismic Hazard Scientist Italy Kendra Johnson Senior Seismic Hazard Scientist United States Kirsty Bayliss Seismic Hazard Scientist United Kingdom Manuela Villani Senior Seismic Hazard Scientist Italy Richard Styron Senior Active Faults Specialist United States Fahrettin Kuran IUSS Pavia Türkiye Jarod Domenge University of Milano Bicocca France Zainab Asaad IUSS Pavia Lebanon Francesco Serafini Seismic Hazard Scientist Italy Jean-Christophe Garaix Advisor United States Daniela Charris Exposure Analyst Colombia Finn Løvholt Advisory Board Member Norway Flavia G. Bwire Member Taiwan Jovana Borozan Seismic Risk Modeller Serbia Iain Stewart Advisory Board Vice Chair United Kingdom Josip Atalić Member Croatia Niloofar Kazemiasl PhD Student Iran Renato Solidum, Jr. Advisory Board Member Philippines Abderrahim Oulidi Governor Morocco Load more Public Governors Croatian Centre of Earthquake Engineering (UNIZG FCE and IS) Member Public Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Fonds de Solidarité contre les Événements Catastrophiques - FSEC (Morocco) Member Public Governor Sponsor. Voting Member National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (Japan) Member Public Governor Sponsor. Voting Member State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (Switzerland) Member Public Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Department of Civil Protection (Italy) Member Public Governor Sponsor. Voting Member and Vice-chair GeoScience Australia Member Public Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Natural Environment Research Council (UK) Member Public Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Taiwan Earthquake Model-TEM Member Public Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Earth Sciences New Zealand Member Public Governor Sponsor. Voting Member National Building Review Board (NBRB) of Uganda Member Public Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Natural Resources Canada Member Public Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Private Partners Governors Allianz Sponsor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member EUCENTRE Sponsor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Marsh McLennan/Guy Carpenter Sponsor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member PartnerRe Sponsor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Verisk Sponsor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Aon Sponsor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Factory Mutual Insurance - FM Sponsor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Moody's RMS Sponsor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Renaissance Re Sponsor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Willis Towers Watson Sponsor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Atlantic Re Sponsor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Hannover Re Sponsor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member and Chair Munich Re Sponsor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Swiss Re Sponsor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Zurich Insurance Group Sponsor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Advisors AXA Sponsor Advisor Sponsor. Non-Voting Member Gallagher Re Sponsor Advisor Sponsor. Non-Voting Member CelsiusPro Sponsor Advisor Sponsor. Non-Voting Member Liberty Mutual Reinsurance Sponsor Advisor Sponsor. Non-Voting Member Descartes Underwriting Sponsor Advisor Sponsor. Non-Voting Member Safehub Sponsor Advisor Sponsor. Non-Voting Member Associate Partners APDIM Member Associate. Non-Voting Member IASPEI Member Associate. Non-Voting Member UNESCO Member Associate. Non-Voting Member EERI Member Associate. Non-Voting Member IRDR Member Associate. Non-Voting Member United States Geological Survey (USGS) Member Associate. Non-Voting Member IAEE Member Associate. Non-Voting Member UNDRR Member Associate. Non-Voting Member Load more Francesco Serafini Seismic Hazard Scientist Italy Jean-Christophe Garaix Advisor United States Daniela Charris Exposure Analyst Colombia Finn Løvholt Advisory Board Member Norway Flavia G. Bwire Member Taiwan Jovana Borozan Seismic Risk Modeller Serbia Iain Stewart Advisory Board Vice Chair United Kingdom Josip Atalić Member Croatia Niloofar Kazemiasl PhD Student Iran Renato Solidum, Jr. Advisory Board Member Philippines Abderrahim Oulidi Governor Morocco Load more

To improve earthquake resilience, GEM offers collaborative services, products and resources that can be used for public and commercial purposes by organisations or individuals worldwide. GEM's products and services are transparent, accessible, credible and applicable not only for disaster prevention. PRODUCTS All of GEM’s products are freely available for public good, non-commercial use, but they may have different license restrictions. Open and free distribution of data, models, and tools remains at the core of GEM’s work, further enhancing their availability and accessibility. Share Facebook LinkedIn Button Flagship Products NEW Global Hazard Map NEW Global Exposure Model NEW Global Embodied Carbon NEW OpenQuake Engine NEW Global Vulnerability Model NEW Global Building Taxonomy NEW Global Risk Map NEW Risk Profiles NEW Global Liquefaction Anchor 1 Search Map List Gallery Map List Gallery Available Seismic Hazard and Risk Models and Datasets The gallery or list will show the region, country, or territory that currently has GEM seismic hazard and exposure models based on your search input. Filter by product type: Model Software Map Dataset Filter by model component: All (cross-cutting) Exposure Hazard Risk Vulnerability Financial Loss Filter by license type: AGPL v3.0 CC BY 4.0 CC BY-SA 4.0 CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Custom license Reset By selecting a region in the global map below, a table will appear to quickly take you to the available resources in that region. You can also use the Search box to look up any specific region, country or territory. Popup title Close Country/Region Afghanistan Hazard Exposure Vulnerability Risk Profile Africa Hazard Exposure Vulnerability Risk Profile Alaska Hazard Exposure Vulnerability Risk Profile Albania Hazard Exposure Vulnerability Risk Profile Algeria Hazard Exposure Vulnerability Risk Profile American Samoa Hazard Exposure Vulnerability Risk Profile Andorra Hazard Exposure Vulnerability Risk Profile Angola Hazard Exposure Vulnerability Risk Profile Anguilla Hazard Exposure Vulnerability Risk Profile Antigua and Barbuda Hazard Exposure Vulnerability Risk Profile Arabia Hazard Exposure Vulnerability Risk Profile Argentina Hazard Exposure Vulnerability Risk Profile Country/Region Afghanistan Hazard Exposure Vulnerability Risk Profile Africa Hazard Exposure Vulnerability Risk Profile Alaska Hazard Exposure Vulnerability Risk Profile Albania Hazard Exposure Vulnerability Risk Profile Algeria Hazard Exposure Vulnerability Risk Profile American Samoa Hazard Exposure Vulnerability Risk Profile Andorra Hazard Exposure Vulnerability Risk Profile Angola Hazard Exposure Vulnerability Risk Profile Anguilla Hazard Exposure Vulnerability Risk Profile Antigua and Barbuda Hazard Exposure Vulnerability Risk Profile Arabia Hazard Exposure Vulnerability Risk Profile Argentina Hazard Exposure Vulnerability Risk Profile 0 Sort by Title: A-Z Z-A Product Short Description License Type Active Faults Database A repository with global homogenised characteristics of active faults CC BY-SA 4.0 Dataset Africa Exposure Repository with the inventory of residential, commercial and industrial buildings in Africa CC BY-SA 4.0/CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Model Alaska Hazard OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Alaska CC BY-SA 4.0 Model Antarctica Hazard OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Antarctica CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Model Arabia Hazard OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for the Arabian Peninsula CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Model Arctic Hazard OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for the Arctic CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Model Atlantic Ocean Hazard OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for the Atlantic Ocean CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Model Atlas - Global Seismic Hazard Curves A dynamic web portal and API featuring instant display and download of hazard curves worldwide Custom license Dataset Australia Hazard OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Australia CC BY 4.0 Model California UCERF3 OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for California UCERF3 source model portion Custom license Model Canada Hazard OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Canada Open Government License - Canada 2.0 Model Caribbean & Central America Exposure Repository with the inventory of residential, commercial and industrial buildings in the Caribbean and Central America CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Model Dataset Active Faults Database License type: CC BY-SA 4.0 The GEM Foundation's Global Active Faults is building a comprehensive, global dataset of active fault traces of seismogenic concern. This repository comprises GIS files of fault traces and small amount of relevant attributes or metadata (fault geometry, kinematics, slip rate, etc.) useful for seismic hazard modeling and other tectonic applications. The dataset is being assembled primarily as a part of GEM's global Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Modeling efforts, although we hope that the data find wide use in research, education and general interest among many users. The dataset currently covers most of the deforming continental regions on earth with the exceptions of the Malay Archipelago, Madagascar, Canada, and a few other regions. View Model Africa Exposure License type: CC BY-SA 4.0/CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 The Global Exposure Model is a mosaic of local and regional models with information regarding the residential, commercial, and industrial building stock at the smallest available administrative division of each country and includes details about the number of buildings, number of occupants, vulnerability characteristics, average built-up area, and average replacement cost. The dataset is developed and maintained by the GEM Foundation, using a bottom-up approach at the global scale, using national statistics, socio-economic data, and local datasets. This model allows the identification of the most common types of construction worldwide, regions with large fractions of informal construction, and areas prone to natural disasters with a high concentration of population and building stock. The Africa region of the model includes the information pertaining the following countries/territories: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina_Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape_Verde, Central_African_Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial_Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea_Bissau, Ivory_Coast, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao_Tome_and_Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra_Leone, Somalia, South_Africa, South_Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe View Model Alaska Hazard License type: CC BY-SA 4.0 The 2007.0.0 seismic hazard model for Alaska (USA) was developed by the United States Geological Survey (Wesson et al., 2007). The model covers the state of Alaska including the Aleutian Islands. The model has been translated from its original format into the OpenQuake (OQ) engine by GEM. Since the original version, an update was made to the model by the GEM hazard team, leading to the latest release (v2007.1.0), which was used in the computation of the 2023 Global Earthquake Hazard and Risk Maps. This model incorporates the GMPEs recommended by Mueller et al. (2015) for Alaska. View Model Antarctica Hazard License type: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 View Model Arabia Hazard License type: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 The 2018.0.0 seismic hazard model of the Arabian Peninsula (ARB) was developed by the Saudi Geological Survey (SGS). The model covers Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, and Qatar, but does not include sources that originate in the Zagros region of western Iran. The model has been translated into the OpenQuake (OQ) engine format by GEM. Since the original version, several significant updates have been made to the model by the GEM hazard team, leading to the latest release (v2018.2.0), which was used in the computation of the 2023 Global Earthquake Hazard and Risk Maps. Differences in the versions can be consulted in the model documentation. View Model Arctic Hazard License type: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 View Model Atlantic Ocean Hazard License type: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 View Dataset Atlas - Global Seismic Hazard Curves License type: Custom license Atlas is a dynamic web portal and API, allowing subscribers to view the different layers of the Global Seismic Hazard Map in a GIS style mapviewer featuring instant display and download of hazard curves for the selected sites. This is a subscription service which provides clients with a pay-as-you-go alternative to licensing the GSHM data layers directly. Subscriptions permitting access to the Atlas are available today; please contact GEM Products for details. Resellers, brokers and other organizations wishing to integrate the API into their workflows should contact GEM Products to discuss the terms of possible collaboration. View Model Australia Hazard License type: CC BY 4.0 The Global Hazard Mosaic coverage of the Australian continent uses the 2018 model of Geoscience Australia (Allen et al., 2018a and Allen et al., 2018b), with input from greater seismology community in Australia, as an update to the 2012 national model. The model was originally implemented in the OpenQuake (OQ) engine format, and only the computed sites grid was modified by the GEM Secretariat. View Model California UCERF3 License type: Custom license The 2018 United States National Seismic Hazard Model (Petersen et al., 2020), covers the conterminous United States and was developed by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) within the National Seismic Hazard Model Project (NSHMP). The California portion of the the model is covered by the time-independent version of the Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast version 3 (UCERF3; Field et al., 2015). The model has been translated from its original format into the OpenQuake engine by GEM. View Model Canada Hazard License type: Open Government License - Canada 2.0 Canada's 5th Generation Seismic Hazard Model (Halchuk et al., 2015), produced by Natural Resources Canada (NRC) in order to develop the 2015 National Building Code of Canada. The model was originally developed for GSCFRISK software, and was subsequently converted into the OpenQuake engine format by NRC. Small, additional adjustments were made by the GEM Secretariat in order to fit the mosaic criteria, see model documentation for further information. Original model input files are available at: http://earthquakescanada.nrcan.gc.ca/hazard-alea/interpolat/index-en.php View Model Caribbean & Central America Exposure License type: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 The Global Exposure Model is a mosaic of local and regional models with information regarding the residential, commercial, and industrial building stock at the smallest available administrative division of each country and includes details about the number of buildings, number of occupants, vulnerability characteristics, average built-up area, and average replacement cost. The dataset is developed and maintained by the GEM Foundation, using a bottom-up approach at the global scale, using national statistics, socio-economic data, and local datasets. This model allows the identification of the most common types of construction worldwide, regions with large fractions of informal construction, and areas prone to natural disasters with a high concentration of population and building stock. The Caribbean and Central America region of the model includes the information pertaining the following countries/territories: Anguilla, Antigua_and_Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, British_Virgin_Islands, Cayman_Islands, Costa_Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican_Republic, El_Salvador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto_Rico, Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis, Saint_Lucia, Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines, Trinidad_and_Tobago, Turks_and_Caicos_Islands, US_Virgin_Islands View 1 2 3 4 5 1 ... 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ... 7 Featured Product ATLAS 2.0 Ground-shaking intensities at multiple return periods all over the world Learn more! Haven't found a product? Send us a request More information GEM Products and Services Strategy Dataset Active Faults Database License type: CC BY-SA 4.0 The GEM Foundation's Global Active Faults is building a comprehensive, global dataset of active fault traces of seismogenic concern. This repository comprises GIS files of fault traces and small amount of relevant attributes or metadata (fault geometry, kinematics, slip rate, etc.) useful for seismic hazard modeling and other tectonic applications. The dataset is being assembled primarily as a part of GEM's global Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Modeling efforts, although we hope that the data find wide use in research, education and general interest among many users. The dataset currently covers most of the deforming continental regions on earth with the exceptions of the Malay Archipelago, Madagascar, Canada, and a few other regions. Button Model Africa Exposure License type: CC BY-SA 4.0/CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 The Global Exposure Model is a mosaic of local and regional models with information regarding the residential, commercial, and industrial building stock at the smallest available administrative division of each country and includes details about the number of buildings, number of occupants, vulnerability characteristics, average built-up area, and average replacement cost. The dataset is developed and maintained by the GEM Foundation, using a bottom-up approach at the global scale, using national statistics, socio-economic data, and local datasets. This model allows the identification of the most common types of construction worldwide, regions with large fractions of informal construction, and areas prone to natural disasters with a high concentration of population and building stock. The Africa region of the model includes the information pertaining the following countries/territories: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina_Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape_Verde, Central_African_Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial_Guinea, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea_Bissau, Ivory_Coast, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao_Tome_and_Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra_Leone, Somalia, South_Africa, South_Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe Button Model Alaska Hazard License type: CC BY-SA 4.0 The 2007.0.0 seismic hazard model for Alaska (USA) was developed by the United States Geological Survey (Wesson et al., 2007). The model covers the state of Alaska including the Aleutian Islands. The model has been translated from its original format into the OpenQuake (OQ) engine by GEM. Since the original version, an update was made to the model by the GEM hazard team, leading to the latest release (v2007.1.0), which was used in the computation of the 2023 Global Earthquake Hazard and Risk Maps. This model incorporates the GMPEs recommended by Mueller et al. (2015) for Alaska. Button Model Antarctica Hazard License type: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Button Model Arabia Hazard License type: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 The 2018.0.0 seismic hazard model of the Arabian Peninsula (ARB) was developed by the Saudi Geological Survey (SGS). The model covers Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, and Qatar, but does not include sources that originate in the Zagros region of western Iran. The model has been translated into the OpenQuake (OQ) engine format by GEM. Since the original version, several significant updates have been made to the model by the GEM hazard team, leading to the latest release (v2018.2.0), which was used in the computation of the 2023 Global Earthquake Hazard and Risk Maps. Differences in the versions can be consulted in the model documentation. Button Model Arctic Hazard License type: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Button Model Atlantic Ocean Hazard License type: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Button Dataset Atlas - Global Seismic Hazard Curves License type: Custom license Atlas is a dynamic web portal and API, allowing subscribers to view the different layers of the Global Seismic Hazard Map in a GIS style mapviewer featuring instant display and download of hazard curves for the selected sites. This is a subscription service which provides clients with a pay-as-you-go alternative to licensing the GSHM data layers directly. Subscriptions permitting access to the Atlas are available today; please contact GEM Products for details. Resellers, brokers and other organizations wishing to integrate the API into their workflows should contact GEM Products to discuss the terms of possible collaboration. Button Model Australia Hazard License type: CC BY 4.0 The Global Hazard Mosaic coverage of the Australian continent uses the 2018 model of Geoscience Australia (Allen et al., 2018a and Allen et al., 2018b), with input from greater seismology community in Australia, as an update to the 2012 national model. The model was originally implemented in the OpenQuake (OQ) engine format, and only the computed sites grid was modified by the GEM Secretariat. Button Model California UCERF3 License type: Custom license The 2018 United States National Seismic Hazard Model (Petersen et al., 2020), covers the conterminous United States and was developed by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) within the National Seismic Hazard Model Project (NSHMP). The California portion of the the model is covered by the time-independent version of the Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast version 3 (UCERF3; Field et al., 2015). The model has been translated from its original format into the OpenQuake engine by GEM. Button Model Canada Hazard License type: Open Government License - Canada 2.0 Canada's 5th Generation Seismic Hazard Model (Halchuk et al., 2015), produced by Natural Resources Canada (NRC) in order to develop the 2015 National Building Code of Canada. The model was originally developed for GSCFRISK software, and was subsequently converted into the OpenQuake engine format by NRC. Small, additional adjustments were made by the GEM Secretariat in order to fit the mosaic criteria, see model documentation for further information. Original model input files are available at: http://earthquakescanada.nrcan.gc.ca/hazard-alea/interpolat/index-en.php Button Model Caribbean & Central America Exposure License type: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 The Global Exposure Model is a mosaic of local and regional models with information regarding the residential, commercial, and industrial building stock at the smallest available administrative division of each country and includes details about the number of buildings, number of occupants, vulnerability characteristics, average built-up area, and average replacement cost. The dataset is developed and maintained by the GEM Foundation, using a bottom-up approach at the global scale, using national statistics, socio-economic data, and local datasets. This model allows the identification of the most common types of construction worldwide, regions with large fractions of informal construction, and areas prone to natural disasters with a high concentration of population and building stock. The Caribbean and Central America region of the model includes the information pertaining the following countries/territories: Anguilla, Antigua_and_Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, British_Virgin_Islands, Cayman_Islands, Costa_Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican_Republic, El_Salvador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto_Rico, Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis, Saint_Lucia, Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines, Trinidad_and_Tobago, Turks_and_Caicos_Islands, US_Virgin_Islands Button More products

Publications Variable resolution probabilistic modeling of residential exposure and vulnerability for risk applications Share Facebook LinkedIn Download 2020 | Peer-reviewed In risk assessment, the exposure component describes the elements exposed to the natural hazards and susceptible to damage or loss, while the vulnerability component defines the likelihood to incur damage or loss conditional on a given level of hazard intensity. In this article, we propose a novel adaptive approach to exposure modeling which exploits Dirichlet-Multinomial Bayesian updating to implement the incremental assimilation of sparse in situ survey data into probabilistic models described by compositions (proportions). This methodology is complemented by the introduction of a custom spatial aggregation support based on variable-resolution Central Voronoidal Tessellations. The proposed methodology allows for a more consistent integration of empirical observations, typically from engineering surveys, into large-scale models that can also efficiently exploit expert-elicited knowledge. The resulting models are described in a probabilistic framework, and as such allow for a more thorough analysis of the underlying uncertainty. The proposed approach is applied and discussed in five countries in Central Asia.

Publications Estimating Road Disruptions in Urban Contexts Due to Earthquakes Using Machine Learning Surrogates Share Facebook LinkedIn Download 2025 | Peer-reviewed The estimation of road disruptions due to building debris in urban contexts requires the availability of exposure data at the building level, which is often not available. In this study, we explore how open global datasets at different scales can be integrated with machine learning algorithms to estimate road disruptions following seismic events, overcoming the need for detailed datasets. Using simulated impact data for the municipality of Lisbon, we train a Random Forest model to predict road disruptions due to building collapses. Then, we apply this model to another urban environment (the municipality of Amadora) to evaluate the performance of the model using input data unseen during the training process. Finally, we employ the surrogate model using information extracted from globally available datasets characterizing the built environment and the road network. The proposed approach allows identifying areas within urban centers where road disruptions are likely to occur, and where risk reduction measures should be prioritized to minimize the impact of destructive earthquakes.

Publications Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis model for the Philippines Share Facebook LinkedIn Download 2020 | Peer-reviewed The Philippine archipelago is tectonically complex and seismically hazardous, yet few seismic hazard assessments have provided national coverage. This article presents an updated probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for the nation. Active shallow crustal seismicity is modeled by faults and gridded point sources accounting for spatially variable occurrence rates. Subduction interfaces are modeled with faults of complex geometry. Intraslab seismicity is modeled by ruptures confined to the slab volume. Source geometries and earthquake rates are derived from seismicity catalogs, geophysical data sets, and historic-to-paleoseismic constraints on fault slip rates. The ground motion characterization includes models designed for global use, with partial constraint by residual analysis. Shallow crustal faulting near metropolitan Manila, Davao, and Cebu dominates shaking hazard. In a few places, peak ground acceleration with 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years on rock reaches 1.0g. The results of this study may have utility for defining the design base shear in the National Structural Code of the Philippines.

Publications Probabilistic seismic risk assessment of India Share Facebook LinkedIn Download 2020 | Peer-reviewed This study presents a comprehensive open probabilistic seismic risk model for India. The proposed model comprises a nationwide residential and non-residential building exposure model, a selection of analytical seismic vulnerability functions tailored for Indian building classes, and the open implementation of an existing probabilistic seismic hazard model for India. The vulnerability of the building exposure is combined with the seismic hazard using the stochastic (Monte Carlo) event-based calculator of the OpenQuake engine to estimate probabilistic seismic risk metrics such as average annual economic losses and the exceedance probability curves at the national, state, district, and subdistrict levels. The risk model and the underlying datasets, along with the risk metrics calculated at different scales, are intended to be used as tools to quantitatively assess the earthquake risk across India and also compare with other countries to develop risk-informed building design guidelines, for more careful land-use planning, to optimize earthquake insurance pricing, and to enhance general earthquake risk awareness and preparedness.

Publications Prospective evaluation of global earthquake forecast models: Two years of observations support merging smoothed seismicity with geodetic strain rates. Seismological Research Letters Share Facebook LinkedIn Download 2018 | Peer-reviewed The global earthquake activity rate (GEAR1) seismicity model uses an optimized combination of geodetic strain rates, hypotheses about converting strain rates to seismicity rates from plate tectonics, and earthquake-catalog data to estimate global Mw = 5:767 shallow (= 70 km) seismicity rates. It comprises two parent models: a strain rate-based model and a smoothedseismicity based model. The GEAR1 model was retrospectively evaluated and calibrated using earthquake data from 2005 to 2012, resulting in a preferred log-linear multiplicative combination of the parent forecasts. Since 1 October 2015, the GEAR1 model has undergone prospective evaluation within the Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability (CSEP) testing center, forecasting Mw = 5:95 seismicity. We present initial prospective forecast test results for the GEAR1 model, its tectonic and seismicity components, and for the first iteration of the strain-rate-based model, during the 1 October 2015-7 September 2017 period. During the evaluation period, observed earthquakes are consistent with the GEAR1 forecast and comparative test results likewise support that GEAR1 is more informative than either of its components alone. Based on a combination of retrospective and prospective testing, the tectonic forecasts do not effectively anticipate observed spatial earthquake distribution, largely due to overlocalization of the model with respect to observed earthquake distributions.