Publications Unveiling the Environmental Impact of Earthquakes in Europe Share Facebook LinkedIn Download 2024 | Peer-reviewed Environmental impact assessments in the construction sector often overlook the significant effects of natural hazards, in particular earthquakes. These destructive events pose severe sustainability challenges as they frequently require large-scale repairs and replacement for damaged buildings, demanding the production and use of substantial quantities of building materials. Here, we unveil the environmental toll of earthquakes in Europe, presenting essential environmental data on the continent’s building stock. We further generate novel seismic risk maps that quantify the embodied carbon resulting from seismic-damage repair and reconstruction of residential, commercial, and industrial buildings, considering all plausible earthquake scenarios across the region. To this end, we first develop a comprehensive database of material quantities and embodied carbon factors for a broad range of construction materials and building components. This database serves as a crucial input for a continent-wide probabilistic seismic risk model, which estimates the potential environmental impacts of future earthquakes by analysing over 3 million realistic damage scenarios, each with its own probability of occurrence. Our findings reveal that Europe’s earthquake-exposed building stock embodies nearly 13.4 billion tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e), with seismic damage alone generating more than 6.4 million tons of CO2e annually; comparable to the emissions of 32,000 one-way flights from Paris to New York carrying 200 passengers. Our models not only establish critical benchmarks for the carbon footprint of the European construction sector, but also offer a versatile tool for assessing the impacts of other natural hazards, driving sustainable disaster risk mitigation and fostering more resilient, eco-friendly built environments.

License Request Form You have chosen to get more information about: Northeast Asia Hazard Hazard Please check the link below to see if this product already meets your your requirements before submitting your request for a license. Thank you. DOWNLOAD THE OPEN VERSION Summary of steps to obtain a license for the requested product. Fill in the application form below. Click Submit. Please check your email Inbox or Spam folder for the summary of your request. You will then be contacted by the GEM Product Manager with either a request for more information, or a request to sign the license. If you do not hear from us within 2 weeks, please send an email to product@globalquakemodel.org . REQUEST DETAILS A. Requesting party information First Name Last Name Role/Job Email Business type Business type Other business Sector Sector Other sector B. License agreement signatory information The signatory must be someone who is authorised to sign license agreements on your behalf such as your immediate supervisor, manager or legal officer. If you’re a PhD student, the signatory must be your adviser or a university officer in charge of license agreements or similar legal documents. Full Name of Signatory Position Company Email of Signatory Organisation name Complete Address C. Purpose of request GEM is able to offer products for free because of the support of our project partners, national collaborators and institutional sponsors. All of GEM’s products are freely available for public good, non-commercial use, but with different license restrictions. In most cases we release products under an open license (e.g., CC BY-SA or CC BY-NC-SA), which permits (re)distribution. In this case, we are granting access under a more restricted license that forbids distribution or disclosure and requires signing by GEM and the licensee in order to better assure accountability for the confidentiality of the information. In order for GEM to properly assess your request, please answer the following questions below. 1. Explain briefly how will the GEM product be used e.g. project, research including the expected results and the foreseen public benefit. 2. Will you be able to share the results of your work with GEM? YES NO 3. Will you be able to provide feedback to GEM on the quality and usefulness of this product via a survey? YES NO C. Privacy Policy By submitting this form, you consent to the processing of your personal data in accordance with our Privacy Policy and the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). We are committed to safeguarding your information and ensuring it is only used for the purpose outlined in this form. You have the right to access, rectify, or delete your data at any time. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. I agree Words: 0 Email us at product@globalquakemodel.org if you're experiencing problems submitting your application. Thank you. Submit Thanks for submitting! You will be contacted as soon as possible Incomplete data. Please fill in all required fields. Thank you.

Publications HAZARD INFORMATION PROFILES Supplement to : UNDRR-ISC Hazard Definition & Classification Review - Technical Report Share Facebook LinkedIn Download 2021 | Report The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (‘the Sendai Framework’) was one of three landmark agreements adopted by the United Nations in 2015. The other two being the Sustainable Development Goals of Agenda 2030 and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. The UNDRR/ISC Sendai Hazard Definition and Classification Review Technical Report supports all three by providing a common set of hazard definitions for monitoring and reviewing implementation which calls for “a data revolution, rigorous accountability mechanisms and renewed global partnerships”.

Publications Methods for assessing the significance and importance of differences between probabilistic seismic hazard Share Facebook LinkedIn Download 2024 | Peer-reviewed When new seismic hazard estimates are published it is natural to compare them to existing results for the same location. This type of comparison routinely indicates differences amongst hazard estimates obtained with the various models. The question that then arises is whether these differences are scientifically significant, given the large epistemic uncertainties inherent in all seismic hazard estimates, or practically important, given the use of hazard models as inputs to risk and engineering calculations. A difference that exceeds a given threshold could mean that building codes may need updating, risk models for insurance purposes may need to be revised, or emergency management procedures revisited. In the current literature there is little guidance on what constitutes a significant or important difference, which can lead to lengthy discussions amongst hazard modellers, end users and stakeholders. This study reviews proposals in the literature on this topic and examines how applicable these proposals are, using, for illustration purposes, several sites and various seismic hazard models for each site, including the two European Seismic Hazard Models of 2013 and 2020. The implications of differences in hazard for risk and engineering purposes are also examined to understand how important such differences are for potential end users of seismic hazard models. Based on this, we discuss the relevance of such methods to determine the scientific significance and practical importance of differences between seismic hazard estimates and identify some open questions. We conclude that there is no universal criterion for assessing differences between seismic hazard results and that the recommended approach depends on the context. Finally, we highlight where additional work is required on this topic and that we encourage further discussion of this topic.

License Request Form You have chosen to get more information about: Papua New Guinea Hazard Hazard Please check the link below to see if this product already meets your your requirements before submitting your request for a license. Thank you. DOWNLOAD THE OPEN VERSION Summary of steps to obtain a license for the requested product. Fill in the application form below. Click Submit. Please check your email Inbox or Spam folder for the summary of your request. You will then be contacted by the GEM Product Manager with either a request for more information, or a request to sign the license. If you do not hear from us within 2 weeks, please send an email to product@globalquakemodel.org . REQUEST DETAILS A. Requesting party information First Name Last Name Role/Job Email Business type Business type Other business Sector Sector Other sector B. License agreement signatory information The signatory must be someone who is authorised to sign license agreements on your behalf such as your immediate supervisor, manager or legal officer. If you’re a PhD student, the signatory must be your adviser or a university officer in charge of license agreements or similar legal documents. Full Name of Signatory Position Company Email of Signatory Organisation name Complete Address C. Purpose of request GEM is able to offer products for free because of the support of our project partners, national collaborators and institutional sponsors. All of GEM’s products are freely available for public good, non-commercial use, but with different license restrictions. In most cases we release products under an open license (e.g., CC BY-SA or CC BY-NC-SA), which permits (re)distribution. In this case, we are granting access under a more restricted license that forbids distribution or disclosure and requires signing by GEM and the licensee in order to better assure accountability for the confidentiality of the information. In order for GEM to properly assess your request, please answer the following questions below. 1. Explain briefly how will the GEM product be used e.g. project, research including the expected results and the foreseen public benefit. 2. Will you be able to share the results of your work with GEM? YES NO 3. Will you be able to provide feedback to GEM on the quality and usefulness of this product via a survey? YES NO C. Privacy Policy By submitting this form, you consent to the processing of your personal data in accordance with our Privacy Policy and the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). We are committed to safeguarding your information and ensuring it is only used for the purpose outlined in this form. You have the right to access, rectify, or delete your data at any time. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. I agree Words: 0 Email us at product@globalquakemodel.org if you're experiencing problems submitting your application. Thank you. Submit Thanks for submitting! You will be contacted as soon as possible Incomplete data. Please fill in all required fields. Thank you.

Publications Exposure model for European seismic risk assessment Share Facebook LinkedIn Download 2020 | Peer-reviewed Building exposure and vulnerability models for seismic risk assessment have been the focus of a number of European projects in recent years, but there has never been a concerted effort among the research community to produce a uniform European risk model. The European Commission’s Horizon 2020 SERA project has a work package that is dedicated to that objective, through the development of an exposure model, an associated set of fragility/vulnerability models, and a database of socioeconomic indicators in order to calculate probabilistic integrated seismic risk at a European scale. This article provides details of the development of the first versions of the European exposure model that describe the distribution of the main residential, industrial and commercial building classes across all countries in Europe, as well as their occupants and replacement costs. The v0.1 of the European exposure model has been integrated within the Global Earthquake Model’s global exposure and risk maps. Preliminary analyses using the model show that almost 35% of the residential population in Europe is exposed to a 475-year return period peak ground acceleration (PGA) hazard of at least 0.1 g, thus highlighting the importance of European seismic risk modeling and mitigation.

Publications OpenQuake engine installation guide Share Facebook LinkedIn Download 2018 | User manual The OpenQuake Engine software provides calculation and assessment of seismic hazard, risk and decision-making tools via the data, methods and standards that are being developed by GEM (Global Earthquake Model) and its collaborators. The seismic hazard calculations of the OpenQuake Engine are powered by the OpenQuake Hazard Library and OpenQuake Risk Library Both libraries were built by the OpenQuake team to serve as a fast, stable, and lightweight alternative to existing risk and hazard libraries. To get involved in OpenQuake, join us on IRC (irc.freenode.net) in the #openquake channel by using an IRC client or via web at http://webchat.freenode.net. You can also submit questions, comments, or support requests to our OpenQuake users mailing list: http://groups.google.com/group/openquake-users. You can find more information about the project at http://www.globalquakemodel.org/tools-products

Publications Earthquake Models: Jan 2021 Release (brochure) Share Facebook LinkedIn Download 2021 | Brochure The GEM (Global Earthquake Model) Foundation develops hazard and risk models for the calculation of human and economic losses due to earthquakes. These models are important for a wide range of risk management applications, including standards for the design of buildings and infrastructure, insurance/risk transfer, national risk assessments, as well as public risk awareness and education.

PRESS RELEASE ----- GEM Conference 2023: A Milestone Event Showcasing Advances in Global Earthquake Hazard and Risk Maps, Models and Databases ----- Bergamo, Italy - June 13, 2023 The Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation, a leading organisation in earthquake hazard and risk modelling and assessment, is set to release its new version of the global earthquake hazard and risk models, maps, and databases. This ground-breaking event will take place as the centrepiece of GEM’s international conference in Bergamo, Italy, on June 13th. Gathering leading researchers and risk management experts, the conference aims to propel the world towards greater earthquake resilience and discuss recent developments in the field. Since GEM released the Global Earthquake Hazard and Risk maps to the public in December 2018 , the data and maps have been recognised as a major milestone in establishing a unified and global understanding of seismic risk. Downloaded thousands of times and embraced by industry experts, these maps have provided valuable insights into earthquake-prone regions worldwide. Building upon this success, GEM continued to develop new products such as Atlas 1.0 , an interactive global seismic hazard map, and comprehensive hazard maps available through GEM and distributor platforms. "We are excited to host this important conference and bring world-leading experts in earthquake hazard and risk research, together with partners across the public and private disaster risk management and risk reduction sectors," said John Schneider, GEM Secretary General. "By sharing our knowledge and expertise, we can work together to reduce the impact of earthquakes and build more resilient communities around the world." What’s new In the forthcoming 2023 version of the global seismic hazard model, GEM has made substantial enhancements. Marco Pagani, the Hazard Team Coordinator, shared, "We have incorporated several new models contributed from our partners including the US, Canada, New Zealand and Japan, and achieved greater homogeneity among independent models. We have also improved the spatial resolution of computed results and added more intensity measure types to the hazard outputs, offering a more comprehensive and detailed assessment." Vitor Silva, the Risk Team Coordinator, highlighted the major updates in the seismic risk model, stating, "Enhancements include major improvements to the global exposure by incorporating new building data due to inflation and population growth, and disaggregating exposure information to a much higher spatial resolution to improve risk estimates, particularly for major urban areas. Building vulnerability estimates have also been updated to reflect local construction practices as well as to incorporate the vulnerability of building contents. Most importantly for humanitarian applications, risk results now include estimates of human mortality, injuries, and displacement." Alongside the global maps update, GEM’s Catalina Yepes, Seismic Risk Engineer will introduce the Earthquake Scenarios Database saying “We have developed a collection of information on the impacts of some of the most important historical earthquakes, including information on the physical and economic impact, as well as records of ground shaking and ground failure. This approach fills an important gap in disaster consequences databases by providing information on hazard and impact that is much needed for verifying models and estimating future event consequences. We are hosted in GitLab, as a free and open resource for global earthquake risk assessment efforts.” What to expect The theme of GEM’s conference “Are we making a difference” provides the platform to showcase these new developments as well as to sample some important applications of GEM’s analysis tools, models and data for risk assessment to inform risk reduction and management decisions. The conference sets off on an impactful note with an introductory session that highlights the invaluable insights gained from the 2023 M7.7 Kahramanmaras-Gaziantep, Turkey Earthquake. This serves as a powerful reminder of the pivotal role of integrating advanced earthquake risk analysis and modeling into comprehensive risk mitigation strategies. The final session will explore the future of earthquake risk assessment science and practice, emphasising innovation and collaboration. Distinguished keynote speakers will share their expertise, including Sinan Akkar, Principal Catastrophe Modeler at Turk Reinsurance Inc., who will discuss lessons from the recent M7.7 Kahramanmaras-Gaziantep earthquake in Turkey. Alanna Simpson, Lead Disaster Risk Management Specialist at the World Bank Group, will present on the landscape of disaster risk reduction initiatives, both past and future. Finally, David Wald, Research Geophysicist at the United States Geological Survey (USGS), will present the case for developing an International Macroseismic Scale. The conference welcomes select attendees in-person by invitation only, while also offering online registration for virtual participation. To join or watch the event online and to learn more about the conference, please visit the official conference web page at: https://www.globalquakemodel.org/gem-conference-2023 For more information or to request an interview with the GEM Secretary General, scientists and earthquake engineers, please contact: Jephraim Oro GEM Communications Email: communication@globalquakemodel.org ###

Publications A Building Imagery Database for the Calibration of Machine Learning Algorithms Share Facebook LinkedIn Download 2024 | Peer-reviewed In the last decades, most efforts to catalog and characterize the built environment for multi-hazard risk assessment have focused on the exploration of census data, cadastral data sets, and local surveys. Typically, these sources of information are not updated regularly and lack sufficient information to characterize the seismic vulnerability of the building stock. Some recent efforts have demonstrated how machine learning algorithms can be used to automatically recognize specific architectural and structural features of buildings. However, such methods require large sets of labeled images to train, verify, and test the algorithms. This article presents a database of 5276 building images from a parish in Lisbon (Alvalade), whose buildings have been classified according to a uniform taxonomy. This database can be used for the testing and calibration of machine learning algorithms, as well as for the direct assessment of earthquake risk in Alvalade. The data are accessible through an open Github repository (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7625940).