OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for India and surrounding territories Products India and surroundings Hazard OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for India and surrounding territories Share Facebook LinkedIn Description Coverage of the Indian subcontinent is with the hazard model developed by Nath and Thingbaijam (2012). This model covers India, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Nepal. The model was first updated and translated from its original format into the OpenQuake engine in collaboration with Natural Resources Canada, and more recently major changes to the source models in the Himalayas have been implemented as part of the USAID funded FORCE project leading to v2012.4.0. How to cite this work Nath, S. K. and Thingbaijam, K. K. S. (2012). Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment of India. Seismological Research Letters, 83(1):135–149 Available Versions An open version (v2012.4.0) is available for direct download under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. Users interested in this version can click the "Open Version Download" button in the right panel to access the information. If your use case does not comply with the license terms, a license can be requested by clicking on the "License Request", where a specific agreement will be provided, depending on the use case. License information The open version is available under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license, which requires: Attribution (you must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made) Non-commercial (you may not use the material for commercial purposes) ShareAlike (derivatives created must be made available under the same license as the original) Any deviation from these terms incur in license infringement. For commercial use of the model, a specific license agreement must be made tailored to your use case, in such instance please click on "License Request". Facebook LinkedIn Share Latest Version v2012.4.0 License CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Available resources Open Version Download Documentation License Request text Map View Search Popup title Close Country/Region Available Resources Afghanistan Exposure Africa Exposure Alaska Exposure Country/Region Available Resources Afghanistan Vulnerability Africa Vulnerability Alaska Vulnerability Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Risk Profile Africa Risk Profile Alaska Risk Profile Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Exposure Africa Exposure Alaska Exposure Preview Preview is not available. Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Vulnerability Africa Vulnerability Alaska Vulnerability Preview Preview is not available. Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Risk Profile Africa Risk Profile Alaska Risk Profile Preview Preview is not available. Related products Global Liquefaction Hazard Global Exposure Model Global Vulnerability Model Global Seismic Embodied Carbon Risk Global Seismic Risk Map Country-Territory Seismic Risk Profiles Model Builder's Toolkit (oq-mbtk) Global Seismic Hazard Map Related publications Seismic Risk Assessment in Nepal Read More For downloading or accessing detailed product information like PNG/PDF maps, datasets, license request, shapefiles and more, please switch to a desktop or laptop computer. Thank you for your understanding.

OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Japan Products Japan Hazard OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Japan Share Facebook LinkedIn Description The v2021 model for Japan was based on the 2014 seismic hazard model issued by the Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion (HERP). The model is described by Fujiwara et al. (2009), Fujiwara et al. (2015), and Fujiwara et al. (2023). The v2025 model has been developed by the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) and will be publicly released at the end of 2025. The models have been translated from its original format into the OpenQuake (OQ) engine within a collaboration between the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) of Japan, and GEM. How to cite this work The v2025.0.0 model, by N. Morikawa and A.Iwaki, has not yet been published. The v2021 version of the model can be cited as follows: Fujiwara, H., Kawai, S., Aoi, S., Morikawa, N., Senna, S., Kudo, N., Ooi, M., Hao, K. X., Wakamatsu, K., Ishikawa, Y., Okumura, T., Ishii, T., Matsushima, S., Hayakawa, Y., Toyama, N. and Narita, A. (2009). Technical reports on national seismic hazard maps for Japan, Technical Note of the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience, No. 336, 512 pp. Fujiwara, H., Morikawa, N., Kawai, S., Aoi, S., Senna, S., Maeda, T., Azuma, H., Hao, K. X., Iwaki, A., Wakamatsu, K., Imoto, M., Hasegawa, N., Okumura, T., Hayakawa, T., Takahashi, M. (2015). Improved seismic hazard assessment after the 2011 great East Japan earthquake,” Technical Note of the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience, No. 399 Fujiwara, H., Morikawa, N., Maeda, T., Iwaki, A., Senna, S., Kawai, S., Azuma, H., Hao, X., Imoto, M., Wakamatsu, K., Miyakoshi, J., Morii, T., Shimazu, N., Takahashi, M. and Akatsuka, M. (2023). Improved seismic hazard assessment after the 2011 great East Japan earthquake (Part 2). Technical Note of the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience, No. 489 Available Versions The latest available version (v2021.0.0) translated from its original format into the OpenQuake engine by NIED and GEM can be requested by clicking on the "License Request", where a specific license will be provided, depending on the use case. Instead, the v2025.0.0 model can be requested from NIED (http://www.j- shis.bosai.go.jp/en) License information Currently, only the v2021 model is available under a restricted license that has to be tailored for each specific use case. Please click on "License Request". Those that are interested in the v2025.0.0 model should contact NIED. Facebook LinkedIn Share Latest Version v2025.0.0 License Custom license Available resources License Request Documentation License Request text Map View Search Popup title Close Country/Region Available Resources Afghanistan Exposure Africa Exposure Alaska Exposure Country/Region Available Resources Afghanistan Vulnerability Africa Vulnerability Alaska Vulnerability Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Risk Profile Africa Risk Profile Alaska Risk Profile Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Exposure Africa Exposure Alaska Exposure Preview Preview is not available. Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Vulnerability Africa Vulnerability Alaska Vulnerability Preview Preview is not available. Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Risk Profile Africa Risk Profile Alaska Risk Profile Preview Preview is not available. Related products Global Liquefaction Hazard Global Exposure Model Global Vulnerability Model Global Seismic Embodied Carbon Risk Global Seismic Risk Map Country-Territory Seismic Risk Profiles Model Builder's Toolkit (oq-mbtk) Global Seismic Hazard Map Related publications Appraising the PSHA earthquake source models of Japan, New Zealand, and Taiwan Read More For downloading or accessing detailed product information like PNG/PDF maps, datasets, license request, shapefiles and more, please switch to a desktop or laptop computer. Thank you for your understanding.

OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for New Zealand Products New Zealand Hazard OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for New Zealand Share Facebook LinkedIn Description The development of the 2022 national seismic hazard model for New Zealand was led by Earth Sciences New Zealand (Gerstenberger et al. 2022). The 2022 model covers the North, South, and Stewart Islands. The previous v2010.0.0 seismic hazard model for New Zealand was led by GNS Science, New Zealand (Stirling et al. 2012). It has been translated from its original format into the OpenQuake (OQ) engine by GNS Science. A corrected version of the model was made available in 2018 and is available from the link at the bottom of this page. How to cite this work Gerstenberger MC, Bora S, Bradley BA, DiCaprio C, Van Dissen RJ, Atkinson GM, Chamberlain C, Christophersen A, Clark KJ, Coffey GL, et al. 2022. New Zealand National Seismic Hazard Model 2022 revision: model, hazard and process overview. Lower Hutt (NZ): GNS Science. 106 p. (GNS Science report; 2022/57). doi:10.21420/TB83-7X19. Available Versions Users interested in the 2022 version developed by Earth Sciences New Zealand (Gerstenberger et al. 2022) version can click the "Access to model" button in the right panel to access the information, where you will be redirected to the Earth Sciences New Zealand website for instructions to request access. Previous versions of this model are listed in the table at the bottom of this page. License information Please see the original source of the models for the license restrictions. Facebook LinkedIn Share Latest Version v2022.0.0 License As original Available resources Access Model Documentation License Request text Map View Search Popup title Close Country/Region Available Resources Afghanistan Exposure Africa Exposure Alaska Exposure Country/Region Available Resources Afghanistan Vulnerability Africa Vulnerability Alaska Vulnerability Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Risk Profile Africa Risk Profile Alaska Risk Profile Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Exposure Africa Exposure Alaska Exposure Preview Preview is not available. Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Vulnerability Africa Vulnerability Alaska Vulnerability Preview Preview is not available. Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Risk Profile Africa Risk Profile Alaska Risk Profile Preview Preview is not available. Previous Product Versions Product Version License Documentation Access Request / Open Repository v2010.0.0 As Original Read https://www.gns.cri.nz/data-and-resources/2010-national-seismic-hazard-model/ Related products Global Liquefaction Hazard Global Exposure Model Global Vulnerability Model Global Seismic Embodied Carbon Risk Global Seismic Risk Map Country-Territory Seismic Risk Profiles Model Builder's Toolkit (oq-mbtk) Global Seismic Hazard Map Related publications Appraising the PSHA earthquake source models of Japan, New Zealand, and Taiwan Read More For downloading or accessing detailed product information like PNG/PDF maps, datasets, license request, shapefiles and more, please switch to a desktop or laptop computer. Thank you for your understanding.

Repository with the inventory of residential, commercial and industrial buildings in North America Products North America Exposure Repository with the inventory of residential, commercial and industrial buildings in North America Share Facebook LinkedIn Description The Global Exposure Model is a mosaic of local and regional models with information regarding the residential, commercial, and industrial building stock at the smallest available administrative division of each country and includes details about the number of buildings, number of occupants, vulnerability characteristics, average built-up area, and average replacement cost. The dataset is developed and maintained by the GEM Foundation, using a bottom-up approach at the global scale, using national statistics, socio-economic data, and local datasets. This model allows the identification of the most common types of construction worldwide, regions with large fractions of informal construction, and areas prone to natural disasters with a high concentration of population and building stock. The North America region of the model includes the information pertaining to Canada, Mexico and the United States of America. For the cases of the United States and Canada, the exposure model is built upon datasets obtained with collaboration from our partnerships with the United States Geological Service (USGS) and Natural Resources Canada (NRCan). Information about the original data sources can be found in the [documentation](https://docs.openquake.org/global_risk_model/north_america/exposure/data_sources.html) How to cite this work If you make use of this work, please cite both the publication and the data. Publication: Yepes-Estrada, C., Calderon, A., Costa, C., Crowley, H., Dabbeek, J., Hoyos, M., Martins, L., Paul, N., Rao, A., Silva, V. (2023). Global Building Exposure Model for Earthquake Risk Assessment. Earthquake Spectra. doi:10.1177/87552930231194048 Data: Yepes-Estrada, C., Calderon, A., Costa, C., Crowley, H., Rao, A., Paul, N., & Silva, V. (2026). Global Exposure Model (2026.0.0). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8117363. Available Versions An open version (v2026.1) of the model, agreggated at Administrative Level 1, is available for direct download under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. Users interested in this version can click the "Open Repository" button in the right panel to access the information. The full version for any country/territory, at the highest resolution available, can be requested by clicking on the "License Request", where a specific license will be provided, depending on the use case. License information The open version is available under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license, which requires: Attribution (you must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made) Non-commercial (you may not use the material for commercial purposes) ShareAlike (derivatives created must be made available under the same license as the original) Any deviation from these terms incur in license infringement. For commercial use of the model, a specific license agreement must be made tailored to your use case, in such instance please click on "License Request". Facebook LinkedIn Share Latest Version v2026.0 License CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Available resources Open Repository License Request text Map View Search Popup title Close Country/Region Available Resources Afghanistan Exposure Africa Exposure Alaska Exposure Country/Region Available Resources Afghanistan Vulnerability Africa Vulnerability Alaska Vulnerability Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Risk Profile Africa Risk Profile Alaska Risk Profile Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Exposure Africa Exposure Alaska Exposure Preview Preview is not available. Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Vulnerability Africa Vulnerability Alaska Vulnerability Preview Preview is not available. Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Risk Profile Africa Risk Profile Alaska Risk Profile Preview Preview is not available. Related products GEM Building Taxonomy Global Seismic Embodied Carbon Risk Global Seismic Hazard Map Global Liquefaction Hazard Global Exposure Model Global Vulnerability Model Global Map of Road Exposure to Ground Shaking and Liquefaction Global Seismic Risk Map Country-Territory Seismic Risk Profiles Related publications For downloading or accessing detailed product information like PNG/PDF maps, datasets, license request, shapefiles and more, please switch to a desktop or laptop computer. Thank you for your understanding.

Repository with the inventory of residential, commercial and industrial buildings in the Caribbean and Central America Products Caribbean & Central America Exposure Repository with the inventory of residential, commercial and industrial buildings in the Caribbean and Central America Share Facebook LinkedIn Description The Global Exposure Model is a mosaic of local and regional models with information regarding the residential, commercial, and industrial building stock at the smallest available administrative division of each country and includes details about the number of buildings, number of occupants, vulnerability characteristics, average built-up area, and average replacement cost. The dataset is developed and maintained by the GEM Foundation, using a bottom-up approach at the global scale, using national statistics, socio-economic data, and local datasets. This model allows the identification of the most common types of construction worldwide, regions with large fractions of informal construction, and areas prone to natural disasters with a high concentration of population and building stock. The Caribbean and Central America region of the model includes the information pertaining the following countries/territories: Anguilla, Antigua_and_Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, British_Virgin_Islands, Cayman_Islands, Costa_Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican_Republic, El_Salvador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto_Rico, Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis, Saint_Lucia, Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines, Trinidad_and_Tobago, Turks_and_Caicos_Islands, US_Virgin_Islands How to cite this work If you make use of this work, please cite both the publication and the data. Publication: Yepes-Estrada, C., Calderon, A., Costa, C., Crowley, H., Dabbeek, J., Hoyos, M., Martins, L., Paul, N., Rao, A., Silva, V. (2023). Global Building Exposure Model for Earthquake Risk Assessment. Earthquake Spectra. doi:10.1177/87552930231194048 Data: Yepes-Estrada, C., Calderon, A., Costa, C., Crowley, H., Rao, A., Paul, N., & Silva, V. (2026). Global Exposure Model (2026.0.0). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8117363. Available Versions An open version (v2026.1) of the model, agreggated at Administrative Level 1, is available for direct download under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. Users interested in this version can click the "Open Repository" button in the right panel to access the information. The full version for any country/territory, at the highest resolution available, can be requested by clicking on the "License Request", where a specific license will be provided, depending on the use case. License information The open version is available under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license, which requires: Attribution (you must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made) Non-commercial (you may not use the material for commercial purposes) ShareAlike (derivatives created must be made available under the same license as the original) Any deviation from these terms incur in license infringement. For commercial use of the model, a specific license agreement must be made tailored to your use case, in such instance please click on "License Request". Facebook LinkedIn Share Latest Version v2026.0 License CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Available resources Open Repository License Request text Map View Search Popup title Close Country/Region Available Resources Afghanistan Exposure Africa Exposure Alaska Exposure Country/Region Available Resources Afghanistan Vulnerability Africa Vulnerability Alaska Vulnerability Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Risk Profile Africa Risk Profile Alaska Risk Profile Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Exposure Africa Exposure Alaska Exposure Preview Preview is not available. Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Vulnerability Africa Vulnerability Alaska Vulnerability Preview Preview is not available. Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Risk Profile Africa Risk Profile Alaska Risk Profile Preview Preview is not available. Related products GEM Building Taxonomy Global Seismic Embodied Carbon Risk Global Seismic Hazard Map Global Liquefaction Hazard Global Exposure Model Global Vulnerability Model Global Map of Road Exposure to Ground Shaking and Liquefaction Global Seismic Risk Map Country-Territory Seismic Risk Profiles Related publications Exposure forecasting for seismic risk estimation: Application to Costa Rica Read More Probabilistic Seismic Risk Assessment for Costa Rica Read More For downloading or accessing detailed product information like PNG/PDF maps, datasets, license request, shapefiles and more, please switch to a desktop or laptop computer. Thank you for your understanding.

Repository with the inventory of residential, commercial and industrial buildings in Central Asia Products Central Asia Exposure Repository with the inventory of residential, commercial and industrial buildings in Central Asia Share Facebook LinkedIn Description The Global Exposure Model is a mosaic of local and regional models with information regarding the residential, commercial, and industrial building stock at the smallest available administrative division of each country and includes details about the number of buildings, number of occupants, vulnerability characteristics, average built-up area, and average replacement cost. The dataset is developed and maintained by the GEM Foundation, using a bottom-up approach at the global scale, using national statistics, socio-economic data, and local datasets. This model allows the identification of the most common types of construction worldwide, regions with large fractions of informal construction, and areas prone to natural disasters with a high concentration of population and building stock. The Central Asia region of the model includes the information pertaining the following countries/territories: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan How to cite this work If you make use of this work, please cite both the publication and the data. Publication: Yepes-Estrada, C., Calderon, A., Costa, C., Crowley, H., Dabbeek, J., Hoyos, M., Martins, L., Paul, N., Rao, A., Silva, V. (2023). Global Building Exposure Model for Earthquake Risk Assessment. Earthquake Spectra. doi:10.1177/87552930231194048 Data: Yepes-Estrada, C., Calderon, A., Costa, C., Crowley, H., Rao, A., Paul, N., & Silva, V. (2026). Global Exposure Model (2026.0.0). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8117363. Available Versions An open version (v2026.1) of the model, agreggated at Administrative Level 1, is available for direct download under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. Users interested in this version can click the "Open Repository" button in the right panel to access the information. The full version for any country/territory, at the highest resolution available, can be requested by clicking on the "License Request", where a specific license will be provided, depending on the use case. License information The open version is available under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license, which requires: Attribution (you must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made) Non-commercial (you may not use the material for commercial purposes) ShareAlike (derivatives created must be made available under the same license as the original) Any deviation from these terms incur in license infringement. For commercial use of the model, a specific license agreement must be made tailored to your use case, in such instance please click on "License Request". Facebook LinkedIn Share Latest Version v2026.0 License CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Available resources Open Repository License Request text Map View Search Popup title Close Country/Region Available Resources Afghanistan Exposure Africa Exposure Alaska Exposure Country/Region Available Resources Afghanistan Vulnerability Africa Vulnerability Alaska Vulnerability Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Risk Profile Africa Risk Profile Alaska Risk Profile Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Exposure Africa Exposure Alaska Exposure Preview Preview is not available. Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Vulnerability Africa Vulnerability Alaska Vulnerability Preview Preview is not available. Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Risk Profile Africa Risk Profile Alaska Risk Profile Preview Preview is not available. Related products GEM Building Taxonomy Global Seismic Embodied Carbon Risk Global Seismic Hazard Map Global Liquefaction Hazard Global Exposure Model Global Vulnerability Model Global Map of Road Exposure to Ground Shaking and Liquefaction Global Seismic Risk Map Country-Territory Seismic Risk Profiles Related publications For downloading or accessing detailed product information like PNG/PDF maps, datasets, license request, shapefiles and more, please switch to a desktop or laptop computer. Thank you for your understanding.

OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Europe Products Europe Hazard OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Europe Share Facebook LinkedIn Description The 2020 European Seismic Hazard Model (ESHM20) covers the Euro-Mediterranean region in GEM's global hazard mosaic. The ESHM20 model uses the same principles as the Seismic Hazard Harmonization in Europe (SHARE) Project model (Woessner et al., 2015), with state-of-the art procedures homogeneously applied for the pan-European region. A fully probabilistic framework was adopted in the hazard model implementation, using input datasets that are harmonized across national borders. ESHM20 was developed by the Seismology and Earthquake Engineering Research Infrastructure Alliance for Europe (SERA) and funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme. For more details, refer to http://www.sera eu.org/en/home/ and http://www.hazard.efehr.org/en/home/ The model was originally implemented in the OpenQuake engine. In addition to the conterminous pan-European region, this model was used to compute hazard for the Kaliningrad Region of Russia, Iceland, and the Canary Islands. Athough ESHM20 covers Turkey, a separate model has been developed for Turkey by the GEM hazard team. How to cite this work Danciu L., Nandan S., Reyes C., Basili R., Weatherill G., Beauval C., Rovida A., Vilanova S., Sesetyan K., Bard P Y., Cotton F., Wiemer S., Giardini D. (2021) - The 2020 update of the European Seismic Hazard Model: Model Overview. EFEHR Technical Report 001, v1.0.0, https://doi.org/10.12686/a15 Available Versions An open version (ESHM20) is available for direct download under a CC BY 4.0 license. Users interested in this version can click the "Open Version Download" button in the right panel to access the information. The modified version developed by the GEM hazard team (v2020.1.0) is described in the model documentation. This version can be requested by clicking on the "License Request", where a specific license will be provided, depending on the use case. License information The open version (ESHM20) is available under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, which requires: Attribution (you must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made) Any deviation from these terms incur in license infringement and requires a license agreement that must be made tailored to your use case, in such instance please click on "License Request". Facebook LinkedIn Share Latest Version v2020.1.0 License CC BY 4.0 Custom License Available resources Open Version Download Documentation License Request text Map View Search Popup title Close Country/Region Available Resources Afghanistan Exposure Africa Exposure Alaska Exposure Country/Region Available Resources Afghanistan Vulnerability Africa Vulnerability Alaska Vulnerability Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Risk Profile Africa Risk Profile Alaska Risk Profile Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Exposure Africa Exposure Alaska Exposure Preview Preview is not available. Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Vulnerability Africa Vulnerability Alaska Vulnerability Preview Preview is not available. Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Risk Profile Africa Risk Profile Alaska Risk Profile Preview Preview is not available. Related products Global Liquefaction Hazard Global Seismic Risk Map Country-Territory Seismic Risk Profiles Global Seismic Embodied Carbon Risk Global Seismic Hazard Map Global Exposure Model Global Vulnerability Model Related publications European Seismic Risk Model 2020: Focus on Croatia Read More The European Seismic Risk Model 2020 (ESRM 2020) Read More Evaluation of Seismic Risk on UNESCO Cultural Heritage sites in Europe Read More For downloading or accessing detailed product information like PNG/PDF maps, datasets, license request, shapefiles and more, please switch to a desktop or laptop computer. Thank you for your understanding.

The first global assessment of the carbon cost of earthquakes Products Global Seismic Embodied Carbon Risk The first global assessment of the carbon cost of earthquakes Share Facebook LinkedIn Description The v2026.1 Global Seismic Embodied-Carbon Risk Map shows the carbon footprint of earthquakes in terms of emissions from building damage due to ground shaking. The model combines seismic hazard, vulnerability, exposure and embodied carbon factors to estimate the average annual embodied carbon (AAEC) for residential, commercial and industrial buildings worldwide, corresponding to approximately 17 MtCO2e per year. AAEC is computed using the event-based calculator of the GEM OpenQuake Engine, which aggregates impacts from multiple earthquake scenarios into a long-term annualised metric. The underlying global exposure model describes building stocks using data on construction material, structural system, occupancy, replacement cost and other relevant vulnerability attributes. A newly developed harmonised embodied-carbon database is used to assign replacement carbon values to exposed buildings worldwide, capturing regional differences in production systems and supply chains. Overall, the current global building stock embodies approximately 102 GtCO2e. How to cite this work Caruso M, Aljawhari K, Nafeh AMB, Calderón A, Rao A, Yepes-Estrada C, Silva V (2026). Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Seismic Embodied-Carbon Risk Map (version 2026.1), https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20208633. Available Versions A PDF poster, as well as a high-resolution PNG of embodied carbon risk calculated globally, is available for direct download under a CC BY-SA license. If your use case does not meet the open license requirements, or if you are interested in obtaining the underlying dataset as a shapefile, please submit a request in our system by clicking on the "License Request", where a specific license will be provided, depending on the use case. License information The downloadable resources are available under a Creative Commons CC BY-SA 4.0 license, which requires: Attribution (you must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made) ShareAlike (derivatives created must be made available under the same license as the original) Any deviation from these terms incur in license infringement and requires a license agreement that must be made tailored to your use case, in such instance please click on "License Request". Facebook LinkedIn Share Latest Version v2026.1 License CC BY-SA 4.0 Available resources Geoviewer PNG Poster Download Acknowledgements License Request Contributors text Map View Search Popup title Close Country/Region Available Resources Afghanistan Exposure Africa Exposure Alaska Exposure Country/Region Available Resources Afghanistan Vulnerability Africa Vulnerability Alaska Vulnerability Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Risk Profile Africa Risk Profile Alaska Risk Profile Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Exposure Africa Exposure Alaska Exposure Preview Preview is not available. Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Vulnerability Africa Vulnerability Alaska Vulnerability Preview Preview is not available. Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Risk Profile Africa Risk Profile Alaska Risk Profile Preview Preview is not available. Related products Global Liquefaction Hazard Global Exposure Model Global Vulnerability Model Global Seismic Embodied Carbon Risk Global Seismic Risk Map Country-Territory Seismic Risk Profiles OpenQuake Engine Global Seismic Hazard Map Related publications For downloading or accessing detailed product information like PNG/PDF maps, datasets, license request, shapefiles and more, please switch to a desktop or laptop computer. Thank you for your understanding.

Repository with the inventory of residential, commercial and industrial buildings in Middle East Products Middle East Exposure Repository with the inventory of residential, commercial and industrial buildings in Middle East Share Facebook LinkedIn Description The Global Exposure Model is a mosaic of local and regional models with information regarding the residential, commercial, and industrial building stock at the smallest available administrative division of each country and includes details about the number of buildings, number of occupants, vulnerability characteristics, average built-up area, and average replacement cost. The dataset is developed and maintained by the GEM Foundation, using a bottom-up approach at the global scale, using national statistics, socio-economic data, and local datasets. This model allows the identification of the most common types of construction worldwide, regions with large fractions of informal construction, and areas prone to natural disasters with a high concentration of population and building stock. The Middle East region of the model includes the information pertaining the following countries/territories: Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi_Arabia, Syria, United_Arab_Emirates, Yemen How to cite this work If you make use of this work, please cite both the publication and the data. Publication: Yepes-Estrada, C., Calderon, A., Costa, C., Crowley, H., Dabbeek, J., Hoyos, M., Martins, L., Paul, N., Rao, A., Silva, V. (2023). Global Building Exposure Model for Earthquake Risk Assessment. Earthquake Spectra. doi:10.1177/87552930231194048 Data: Yepes-Estrada, C., Calderon, A., Costa, C., Crowley, H., Rao, A., Paul, N., & Silva, V. (2026). Global Exposure Model (2026.0.0). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8117363. Available Versions An open version (v2026.1) of the model, agreggated at Administrative Level 1, is available for direct download under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. Users interested in this version can click the "Open Repository" button in the right panel to access the information. The full version for any country/territory, at the highest resolution available, can be requested by clicking on the "License Request", where a specific license will be provided, depending on the use case. License information The open version is available under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license, which requires: Attribution (you must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made) Non-commercial (you may not use the material for commercial purposes) ShareAlike (derivatives created must be made available under the same license as the original) Any deviation from these terms incur in license infringement. For commercial use of the model, a specific license agreement must be made tailored to your use case, in such instance please click on "License Request". Facebook LinkedIn Share Latest Version v2026.0 License CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Available resources Open Repository License Request text Map View Search Popup title Close Country/Region Available Resources Afghanistan Exposure Africa Exposure Alaska Exposure Country/Region Available Resources Afghanistan Vulnerability Africa Vulnerability Alaska Vulnerability Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Risk Profile Africa Risk Profile Alaska Risk Profile Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Exposure Africa Exposure Alaska Exposure Preview Preview is not available. Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Vulnerability Africa Vulnerability Alaska Vulnerability Preview Preview is not available. Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Risk Profile Africa Risk Profile Alaska Risk Profile Preview Preview is not available. Related products GEM Building Taxonomy Global Seismic Embodied Carbon Risk Global Seismic Hazard Map Global Liquefaction Hazard Global Exposure Model Global Vulnerability Model Global Map of Road Exposure to Ground Shaking and Liquefaction Global Seismic Risk Map Country-Territory Seismic Risk Profiles Related publications Development of a Probabilistic Earthquake Loss Model for Iran Read More For downloading or accessing detailed product information like PNG/PDF maps, datasets, license request, shapefiles and more, please switch to a desktop or laptop computer. Thank you for your understanding.

OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Canada Products Canada Hazard OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Canada Share Facebook LinkedIn Description The v2025.0.0 Canada model is a modified implementation of the 6th Generation Seismic Hazard Model of Canada. For official documentation, refer to https://www.earthquakescanada.nrcan.gc.ca/. The previous model for Canada, the 5th Generation Seismic Hazard Model (Halchuk et al., 2015), was produced by Natural Resources Canada (NRC) in order to develop the 2015 National Building Code of Canada. How to cite this work For official documentation and citation, please refer to https://www.earthquakescanada.nrcan.gc.ca/. Available Versions The latest version (v2025.0.0) is available for direct download under an Open Government License - Canada 2.0 license. Users interested in this version can click the "Open Version Download" button in the right panel to access the information. Previous versions of this model are listed in the table at the bottom of this page. License information The open version is available under an OPen Government License - Canada. See https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada You are free to: Copy, modify, publish, translate, adapt, distribute or otherwise use the Information in any medium, mode or format for any lawful purpose. You must, where you do any of the above: Acknowledge the source of the Information by including any attribution statement specified by the Information Provider(s) and, where possible, provide a link to this licence. If the Information Provider does not provide a specific attribution statement, or if you are using Information from several information providers and multiple attributions are not practical for your product or application, you must use the following attribution statement: Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada. Any deviation from these terms incur in license infringement. Facebook LinkedIn Share Latest Version v2025.0.0 License Open Government License - Canada 2.0 Available resources Open Version Download Documentation License Request text Map View Search Popup title Close Country/Region Available Resources Afghanistan Exposure Africa Exposure Alaska Exposure Country/Region Available Resources Afghanistan Vulnerability Africa Vulnerability Alaska Vulnerability Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Risk Profile Africa Risk Profile Alaska Risk Profile Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Exposure Africa Exposure Alaska Exposure Preview Preview is not available. Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Vulnerability Africa Vulnerability Alaska Vulnerability Preview Preview is not available. Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Risk Profile Africa Risk Profile Alaska Risk Profile Preview Preview is not available. Previous Product Versions Product Version License Documentation Access Request / Open Repository v2015.1.1 CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Read https://cloud.openquake.org/s/8TH6ikPBRG4eGcC Related products Global Liquefaction Hazard Global Exposure Model Global Vulnerability Model Global Seismic Embodied Carbon Risk Global Seismic Risk Map Country-Territory Seismic Risk Profiles Model Builder's Toolkit (oq-mbtk) Global Seismic Hazard Map Related publications For downloading or accessing detailed product information like PNG/PDF maps, datasets, license request, shapefiles and more, please switch to a desktop or laptop computer. Thank you for your understanding.