News Call for abstracts for 2024 World Conference on Earthquake Engineering (WCEE2024) By: Apr 17, 2023 Share Facebook LinkedIn The next World Conference on Earthquake Engineering (WCEE2024) will be held in Milan, Italy from 30 June to 5 July 2024 ( https://www.wcee2024.it/ ). This conference will bring together more than 3000 participants from academic/research, industry and public sectors. The Conference Organizers have accepted a number of proposals submitted by the GEM Secretariat and GEM partners for technical sessions within the theme of Seismic Hazard and Risk Assessment ( https://www.wcee2024.it/contributions/ ). SHR-2: Advances in seismic hazard analysis Convenors: M. Pagani, M.D. Petersen, M.C. Gerstenberger SHR-3: Managing earthquake risk through multi-lateral partnerships Convenors: J.F. Schneider, G. Trendafiloski SHR-5: Forward-looking earthquake risk modelling and quantification: recent advances and perspectives Convenors: C. Galasso, G. Cremen, V. Silva SHR-6: Macroseismology: current studies and future directions Convenors: D. Wald, J. Schwarz, V. Silva SHR-9: National seismic risk modelling efforts: challenges, achievements and future goals Convenors: V. Silva, H. Crowley, A.B. Acevedo SHR-16: New data and cutting-edge technologies for seismic hazard assessment and risk mitigation Convenors: L. Danciu, H. Crowley, O.-J. Ktenidou We encourage you to submit abstracts for these sessions. The deadline for abstracts is 15 May 2023. Check this page regularly for more information and updates in the future. No images found. GALLERY 1/0 VIDEO RELATED CONTENTS

Papers, articles and reports are released as part of GEM's advancing science & knowledge-sharing initiatives. Selected reports and other materials produced by the international consortia on global projects, working groups and regional collaborations can also be found below. PUBLICATIONS Papers, articles and reports are released as part of GEM's advancing science & knowledge-sharing initiatives. Selected reports and other materials produced by the international consortia on global projects, working groups and regional collaborations can also be found below. Share Facebook LinkedIn Featured Publications Development of a global seismic risk model GEM Strategic Plan and Roadmap to 2030 Improving Post-Disaster Damage Data Collection to Inform Decision-Making Final Report Anchor 1 Publications List 0 Sort by Title: A-Z Z-A List Gallery Download ATLAS 2.0: Ground-shaking intensities at multiple return periods all over the world Type: Brochure Year: 2024 ATLAS 2.0 is GEM’s new hazard data service that allows users to access and interact with the outputs from the GEM Global Mosaic, used to generate the Global Seismic Hazard Maps. Available for public-good and commercial applications, users can now access full sets of hazard curves that describe the intensity of ground-shaking for different soil conditions, at multiple return periods, all over the world. Details Download Quantify Your Earthquake Risk: Expert Solutions from the GEM Foundation Type: Brochure Year: 2024 A quick glance of GEM's commercially available scientifically robust risk information and flagship products. The brochure also highlights GEM's collaborative projects globally for public good. Details Download Building a World Resilient to Earthquakes and other Natural Hazards Type: Brochure Year: 2024 An overview of the GEM Foundation's history, collaborative and transparent approach, pioneering scientific tools such as the OpenQuake Engine and the benefits of supporting GEM. Details Download Global building exposure model for earthquake risk assessment Type: Peer-reviewed Year: 2023 The global building exposure model is a mosaic of local and regional models with information regarding the residential, commercial, and industrial building stock at the smallest available administrative division of each country and includes details about the number of buildings, number of occupants, vulnerability characteristics, average built-up area, and average replacement cost. We aimed for a bottom-up approach at the global scale, using national statistics, socio-economic data, and local datasets. This model allows the identification of the most common types of construction worldwide, regions with large fractions of informal construction, and areas prone to earthquakes with a high concentration of population and building stock. The mosaic of exposure models presented herein can be used for the assessment of probabilistic seismic risk and earthquake scenarios. Information at the global, regional, and national levels is available through a public repository (https://github.com/gem/global_exposure_model), which will be used to maintain, update and improve the models. Details Download Development of a global seismic risk model Type: Peer-reviewed Year: 2020 The Development of a Global Seismic Risk Model was a mammoth undertaking that involved hundreds of people and for the first time presented a detailed view of seismic risk at the global scale. For some developing countries, this was the first time that a seismic risk map was produced, and the associated country profiles are being used by the local authorities. Details Download GEM Strategic Plan and Roadmap to 2030 Type: Brochure Year: 2022 GEM was founded in 2009 with the purpose of improving the global knowledge of earthquake risk and contributing to the reduction of risk worldwide. In 13 years, GEM has become widely known for its global effort to improve the state of practice of earthquake hazard and risk assessment and for its contribution to improving the state of knowledge of earthquake risk. Details Download Exploring benefit cost analysis to support earthquake risk mitigation in Central America Type: Peer-reviewed Year: 2022 We performed benefit-cost analysis to identify optimum retrofitting interventions for the two most vulnerable building typologies in Central America, unreinforced masonry and adobe, considering the direct costs due to building damage and the indirect costs associated with the injured and fatalities. We reviewed worldwide retrofitting techniques, selected those that could be applied in the region for these building types, and derived vulnerability functions considering the impact of each retrofitting intervention in the strength, stiffness, and ductility of the structures. Probabilistic seismic risk analyses were performed considering the original configuration of each building class, as well as the retrofitted version. We calculated average annual losses to estimate the annual savings due to the different structural interventions, and benefit cost ratios were estimated based on the associated cost of each retrofitting technique. Based on the benefit-cost analyses, for a 50-year time horizon and a 4% discount rate, retrofitting these building classes could be economically viable along the western coast of Central America. Details Download The adolescent years of seismic risk assessment Type: Peer-reviewed Year: 2022 Vitor Silva reflects on the current position of seismic risk assessment compared to its hazard counterpart, and posits that this discipline is expected to become common practice in disaster risk management, providing decision makers with valuable information not just about the current threat, but also how the impact of future disasters is expected to evolve. The growth of seismic risk assessment into its adult years will allow a more efficient design and implementation of risk mitigation measures. ultimately contributing to its main and only goal: the reduction of the human and economic losses caused by earthquakes. Details Download Exposure forecasting for seismic risk estimation: Application to Costa Rica Type: Peer-reviewed Year: 2021 This study proposes a framework to forecast the spatial distribution of population and residential buildings for the assessment of future disaster risk. The approach accounts for the number, location, and characteristics of future assets considering sources of aleatory and epistemic uncertainty in several time-dependent variables. The value of the methodology is demonstrated at the urban scale using an earthquake scenario for the Great Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica. Hundreds of trajectories representing future urban growth were generated using geographically weighted regression and multiple-agent systems. These were converted into exposure models featuring the spatial correlation of urban expansion and the densification of the built environment. The forecasted earthquake losses indicate a mean increase in the absolute human and economic losses by 2030. However, the trajectory of relative risk is reducing, suggesting that the long-term enforcement of seismic regulations and urban planning are effectively lowering seismic risk in the case of Costa Rica. Details Download Investment in Disaster Risk Management in Europe Makes Economic Sense Type: Report Year: 2021 The physical, financial, and social impacts of disasters in Europe are growing and will continue to grow unless urgent actions are taken. In the European Union (EU), during the period from 1980 to 2020, natural disasters affected nearly 50 million people and caused on average an economic loss of roughly €12 billion per year (EEA, 2020). The impacts of flood, wildfire, and extreme heat are increasing rapidly, and climate damages could reach €170 billion per year according to conservative estimates for a 3 scenario unless urgent action is taken now (Szewczyk, et al., 2020). Earthquakes, while rare, have a devastating impact on the ageing buildings and infrastructure of Europe that were constructed prior to modern codes; in Bucharest, for example, nearly 90% of the population lives in multifamily buildings with pre-modern building codes3 (Simpson & Markhvida, 2020). Within the EU, the top-five countries with the highest annual average loss to earthquake are Cyprus, Greece, Romania, Bulgaria, and Croatia, and for floods the top-five countries are Romania, Slovenia, Latvia, Bulgaria, and Austria.4 However, disasters do not affect everyone equally: poor, elderly, very young, and marginalized populations are most affected and least able to recover. In Romania, Greece, Croatia, and Bulgaria, for example, the socio-economic resilience of the poor is on average less than 30% of the national average (World Bank, 2020). Moreover, the local and regional administrations in the poorer and more disadvantaged areas have the least capacity to design and implement resilience investments. Details Title Year Type Topic Journal ATLAS 2.0: Ground-shaking intensities at multiple return periods all over the world 2024 Brochure Hazard Quantify Your Earthquake Risk: Expert Solutions from the GEM Foundation 2024 Brochure Products Building a World Resilient to Earthquakes and other Natural Hazards 2024 Brochure GEM Global building exposure model for earthquake risk assessment 2023 Peer-reviewed Exposure Earthquake Spectra Development of a global seismic risk model 2020 Peer-reviewed Risk Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering GEM Strategic Plan and Roadmap to 2030 2022 Brochure GEM Exploring benefit cost analysis to support earthquake risk mitigation in Central America 2022 Peer-reviewed Risk International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction The adolescent years of seismic risk assessment 2022 Peer-reviewed Risk Natural Hazards Exposure forecasting for seismic risk estimation: Application to Costa Rica 2021 Peer-reviewed Exposure Earthquake Spectra Investment in Disaster Risk Management in Europe Makes Economic Sense 2021 Report Risk Filter by publication type: Book chapter Brochure Peer-reviewed Report User manual Reset 1 2 3 4 5 1 ... 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ... 10

Publications Development of a global seismic risk model Share Facebook LinkedIn Download 2020 | Peer-reviewed The Development of a Global Seismic Risk Model was a mammoth undertaking that involved hundreds of people and for the first time presented a detailed view of seismic risk at the global scale. For some developing countries, this was the first time that a seismic risk map was produced, and the associated country profiles are being used by the local authorities.

Publications The GED4GEM Project: Development of a Global Exposure Database for the Global Earthquake Model Initiative Share Facebook LinkedIn Download 2012 | Peer-reviewed In order to quantify earthquake risk of any selected region or a country of the world within the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) framework (www.globalquakemodel.org/), a systematic compilation of building inventory and population exposure is indispensable. Through the consortium of leading institutions and by engaging the domain-experts from multiple countries, the GED4GEM project has been working towards the development of a first comprehensive publicly available Global Exposure Database (GED). This geospatial exposure database will eventually facilitate global earthquake risk and loss estimation through GEM’s OpenQuake platform. This paper provides an overview of the GED concepts, aims, datasets, and inference methodology, as well as the current implementation scheme, status and way forward.

OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for the Korean Peninsula Products North and South Korea Hazard OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for the Korean Peninsula Share Facebook LinkedIn Description The North and South Korea model was created by the GEM hazard team. The model covers the entire Korean Peninsula. How to cite this work Chartier, T., Pagani, M. (2023). PSHA input model documentation for Korean Peninsula (KOR-2020.2.0). GEM Foundation. Available Versions The open version (v2020.2.0) is available for direct download under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. Users interested in this version can click the "Open Version Download" button in the right panel to access the information. If your use case does not comply with the license terms, a license can be requested by clicking on the "License Request", where a specific agreement will be provided, depending on the use case. License information The open version is available under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license, which requires: Attribution (you must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made) Non-commercial (you may not use the material for commercial purposes) ShareAlike (derivatives created must be made available under the same license as the original) Any deviation from these terms incur in license infringement. For commercial use of the model, a specific license agreement must be made tailored to your use case, in such instance please click on "License Request". Facebook LinkedIn Share Latest Version v2020.2 License CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Available resources Open Version Download Documentation License Request text Map View Search Popup title Close Country/Region Available Resources Afghanistan Exposure Africa Exposure Alaska Exposure Country/Region Available Resources Afghanistan Vulnerability Africa Vulnerability Alaska Vulnerability Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Risk Profile Africa Risk Profile Alaska Risk Profile Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Exposure Africa Exposure Alaska Exposure Preview Preview is not available. Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Vulnerability Africa Vulnerability Alaska Vulnerability Preview Preview is not available. Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Risk Profile Africa Risk Profile Alaska Risk Profile Preview Preview is not available. Related products Global Liquefaction Hazard Global Exposure Model Global Vulnerability Model Global Seismic Embodied Carbon Risk Global Seismic Risk Map Country-Territory Seismic Risk Profiles Model Builder's Toolkit (oq-mbtk) Global Seismic Hazard Map Related publications For downloading or accessing detailed product information like PNG/PDF maps, datasets, license request, shapefiles and more, please switch to a desktop or laptop computer. Thank you for your understanding.

Publications Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction 2023 Share Facebook LinkedIn Download 2023 | Report The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR)'s Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction 2023 offers a unique perspective on development progress by emphasizing risk and resilience in a changing climate. The report features maps developed in collaboration with the GEM Foundation (Catarina Costa, Vitor Silva, and John Schneider) and other agencies (United Nations Geospatial Information Section, Environmental Systems Research Institute - ESRI), displaying country-level #SDG indicators and risk drivers, and showcasing resilience deficits. These maps also present future projections of these deficits under different climate scenarios, incorporating #ipcc greenhouse-gas-emission-rate scenarios and representative concentration pathways. The report serves as a comprehensive inter-agency effort to assess and address resilience gaps, aiding in informed decision-making for #sustainabledevelopment.

Back to El Salvador Outcomes El Salvador FORCE Project Key Findings for El Salvador Resumen Ejecutivo Proyecto FORCE - Pronóstico y Comunicación de la Amenaza y el Riesgo Sísmico Objetivo Evaluar el riesgo sísmico de El Salvador en sus condiciones actuales, y en los próximos 30 años bajo dos escenarios: manteniendo las prácticas constructivas actuales y adoptando plenamente un código sísmico moderno. Vulnerabilidad Sísmica Actual en El Salvador 40 de cada 100 estructuras expuestas no cumple a cabalidad con normativas sísmicas. $35 de cada $100 dólares invertidos están en estructuras con vulnerabilidad alta o muy alta. 39 de cada 100 personas se encuentran en algún momento del día en edificaciones con vulnerabilidad alta o muy alta. Riesgo Sísmico Actual en El Salvador: ¿Cuánto podemos perder debido a un largo periodo de sismicidad? 128 de cada 1,000 estructuras del inventario nacional se pierden en un promedio anual. $4 millones de cada $1,000 millones invertidos en construcción se pierden en un promedio anual. 2 de cada 100,000 habitantes se pierden en un promedio anual. Crecimiento del Sector Vivienda en El Salvador En los últimos 20 años el número de viviendas ocupadas ha crecido entre un 2% y un 3% anual. Esto implica entre 50 mil y 60 mil viviendas nuevas adicionales en el inventario nacional cada año. Escenario A: ¿Cuál sería nuestro riesgo sísmico en el 2055 si seguimos construyendo de la misma manera? Asumiendo una tasa promedio de crecimiento del sector residencial del 2.5% anual y precios constructivos constantes, en 30 años El Salvador tendría 1.6 millones de edificaciones residenciales nuevas y $165 mil millones adicionales invertidos en el inventario nacional. Siguiendo las mismas prácticas constructivas actuales, esto resultaría en un incremento en el riesgo humano y económico del 22% y 9% respectivamente, en el año 2055. Escenario B: ¿Cuál sería nuestro riesgo sísmico en el 2055 si todos usáramos el código sísmico? Asumiendo una tasa promedio de crecimiento del sector residencial del 2.1% anual y precios constructivos constantes, en 30 años El Salvador tendría 1.1 millones de edificaciones residenciales nuevas y $117 mil millones adicionales invertidos en el inventario nacional. Siguiendo un código sísmico moderno a cabalidad en todas las estructuras nuevas, esto resultaría en una reducción del riesgo cercana a 22% y 38% en términos humanos y económicos respectivamente, en el año 2055. Si desea profundizar en los detalles del proyecto, le invitamos a consultar la página de MARN www.snet.gob.sv/informacion/?area=sismologia

News UNISDR selects Dr. John Schneider to the Expert Group of the Global Risk Assessment Framework (GRAF) By: Jul 12, 2018 Share Facebook LinkedIn The GEM Foundation is proud to announce that Dr. John Schneider has been selected to UNISDR’s Expert Group of the Global Risk Assessment Framework (GRAF). The selection of Dr. Schneider further solidifies GEM’s collaborative partnership with UNISDR, and put GEM in a position to significantly contribute to the implementation of the Sendai Framework, the Paris Agreement and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The establishment of the Expert Group was one of the principal recommendations of the Expert Meeting on the GRAF held in Geneva on 20-21 November 2017. The group’s initial mission is to provide guidance and direction in the co-design and collaborative development of the GRAF, including strategic, technical, functional and operational aspects. The Expert Group will guide the development and co-creation of a preliminary implementation roadmap, including the definition and possible composition of the GRAF Sub-Working Groups that will need to be established to support the co-design and development process. (UNISDR GRAF, 2018) The first meeting of the Expert Group on the GRAF was held from 13-14 June 2018 in Geneva, Switzerland. Underscoring the importance of GRAF, Dr. Schneider expressed that it was important for the framework to feed into Sendai’s disaster risk reduction plan and global initiatives to reduce disaster losses. He added that the GRAF is needed to pull in the experiences and expertise from the around the globe, and to provide a platform for working collaboratively. The GRAF is composed of 32 individuals from the science community, data providers, modellers and the insurance industry as well as special interest groups such as youth tasked to help UNISDR develop a holistic approach on how to better apply risk knowledge to generate practical solutions that increase resilience. More details of the first meeting can be found here. ( https://www.unisdr.org/archive/58772 ) No images found. GALLERY 1/0 VIDEO RELATED CONTENTS

Publications Earthquake Loss Estimation for the Kathmandu Valley Share Facebook LinkedIn Download 2016 | Conference paper The capital city, Kathmandu, is the most developed and populated place in Nepal. The majority of the administrative offices, headquarters, numerous historical monuments, and eight World Heritages sites are in the Kathmandu Valley. However, this region is geologically located on lacustrine sediment basin, characterized by a long history of destructive earthquakes. The past events resulted in great damage of structures, losses of human life’s and property, and interrupted the social development. Therefore, earthquake disaster management is one of the most serious issues in highly seismically active regions such as the Kathmandu Valley. In recent years, the earthquake risk in this area has significantly increased due to uncontrolled development, poor construction practices with no earthquake safety consideration, and lack of awareness amongst the general public and government authorities. In this context, this study explores the realistic situation of earthquake losses due to future earthquakes in Kathmandu Valley. To this end, three municipalities: (a) Kathmandu metropolitan city (KMC), (b) Lalitpur Sub-Metropolitan City (LSMC) and (c) Bhaktapur Municipality (BMC) are selected for study. The earthquake loss estimation in the selected municipalities is performed through the combination of seismic hazard, structural vulnerability, and exposure data. For what concerns the seismic input, various earthquake scenarios considering four seismic sources in Nepal were adopted. Regarding the exposure, data about the type of existing buildings, population, and ward level distribution of building typologies is estimated from the recent national census survey of 2011. The economic losses due to the scenario earthquakes are determined using fragility functions. The commonly used standard fragility curves are adopted for adobe, brick/stone with mud mortar buildings, and brick/stone with cement mortar buildings. For the reinforced concrete structures, a new fragility model was derived considering four construction typologies: i) current construction practices (CCP), ii) structures according to the Nepal buildings code (NBC), iii) structures according to the modified Nepal building code (NBC+) and iv) well designed structures (WDS). In this study, a set of fragility functions is converted into a vulnerability model through a consequences model. Finally, the ward level distribution of damage for each building typology, building losses and the corresponding economic loss for each scenario earthquake is obtained using the OpenQuake-engine. The distribution of damage within the Kathmandu Valley is currently being employing in the development of a shelter model for the region, involving various local authorities and decision makers.

Publications OpenQuake Hazard Modeller's Toolkit - UserGuide Share Facebook LinkedIn Download 2017 | User manual The Hazard Modeller’s Toolkit (or HMTK) is a Python 2.7 library of functions written by scientists at the GEM Model Facility, which is intended to provide scientists and engineers with the tools to help create the seismogenic input models that go into the OpenQuake hazard engine. The process of developing building the hazard model is a complex and often challenging one, and whilst many aspect of the practice are relatively common, the choice of certain methods or tools for undertaking each step can be a matter of judgement. The intention of this software is to provide scientists and engineers with the means to apply many of the most commonly used algorithms for preparing seismogenic source models using seismicity and geological data. In forthcoming versions will hope to make available more tools for the current processes indicated here, and to integrate new functionalities for i) merging and homogenisation of earthquake catalogues, ii) calculation of activity rates from geological and geodetic data, iii) testing and interpretation of Ground Motion Prediction Equations, and iv) integration of seismological and geological data and treatment of uncertainty in the construction of seismogenic source zones.