Sets of functions to assess the consequences of earthquakes on the built environment of the world Products Global Vulnerability Model Sets of functions to assess the consequences of earthquakes on the built environment of the world Share Facebook LinkedIn Description The v2026.1 Global Vulnerability Model consists of a set of functions that estimate the consequences of earthquakes of a given intensity to different building typologies. This model includes curves to assess economic losses, divided in structural, non-structural and content losses, as well as estimates of fatalities. The database is separated by region-country/territory and considers functions for over X building typologies identified in the Global Exposure Model developed, curated and maintained by the GEM Foundation. The entire database is available for direct download under a CC BY-NC-SA license for risk modelers, analysts and researchers to perform seismic risk assessment on their portfolios. How to cite this work If you make use of this work, please cite both the publication and the data. Publication: Aljawhari, K., Nafeh, A.M.B. & Silva, V. A new global vulnerability model for regional seismic risk assessments: Part 1 – structural vulnerability. Bull Earthquake Eng (2026). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-026-02443-7 Data: Nafeh, A. M. B., Aljawhari, K., & Silva, V. (2026). Global Seismic Vulnerability Model (v2026.0.0) (v2026.0.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20730225 Available Versions The entire database is available as individual XML files for each country, for direct download under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. Users interested in this product can click the "Open Version Download" button in the right panel to access the information. If your use case does not meet the open license requirement (i.e. commercial use is intended), please submit a request in our system by clicking on the "License Request", where a specific license will be provided, depending on the use case. License information This product is available under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license, which requires: Attribution (you must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made) Non-commercial (you may not use the material for commercial purposes) ShareAlike (derivatives created must be made available under the same license as the original) Any deviation from these terms incur in license infringement. For commercial use of the model, a specific license agreement must be made tailored to your use case, in such instance please click on "License Request". Facebook LinkedIn Share Latest Version v2026.1 License CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Available resources Open Repository Documentation License Request By selecting a region in the global map below, a table will appear with the region, country, or territory for which GEM currently has vulnerability models. You can also use the Search box to find a specific country or territory's vulnerability model. Map View Search Popup title Close Country/Region Available Resources Afghanistan Exposure Africa Exposure Alaska Exposure Country/Region Available Resources Afghanistan Vulnerability Africa Vulnerability Alaska Vulnerability Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Risk Profile Africa Risk Profile Alaska Risk Profile Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Exposure Africa Exposure Alaska Exposure Preview Preview is not available. Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Vulnerability Africa Vulnerability Alaska Vulnerability Preview Preview is not available. Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Risk Profile Africa Risk Profile Alaska Risk Profile Preview Preview is not available. Previous Product Versions Version Number Data Image Poster Documentation Geoviewer v2018.1 N/A N/A PDF Silva et al. (2020) View v2023.1 Repository PNG PDF Read View Related products Global Liquefaction Hazard OpenQuake Engine Global Seismic Hazard Map Global Seismic Embodied Carbon Risk Global Exposure Model Global Vulnerability Model Vulnerability Modeller's Toolkit (oq-vmtk) Global Seismic Risk Map Country-Territory Seismic Risk Profiles Related publications Development of a global seismic risk model Read More For downloading or accessing detailed product information like PNG/PDF maps, datasets, license request, shapefiles and more, please switch to a desktop or laptop computer. Thank you for your understanding.

Post Event List PURPOSE The purpose of this page is to provide GEM website visitors, researchers, loss modellers, and emergency and disaster risk reduction professionals with specific downloadable information related to red alert events based on USGS PAGER alerts. GEM promotes the sharing of seismic hazard and risk information with a wide range of stakeholders to enhance understanding of damaging earthquake events. This initiative aims not only to give an overview of the models, data and publications available in areas recently impacted by earthquakes, but also hopes to serve as a resource that can inform future risk reduction strategies. The information provided is intended solely for situational awareness purposes and is not aimed towards driving an official emergency response. Please contact your local authorities for further assistance related to official emergency response services and support. 1st January 2024 M7.5 Noto Peninsula, Japan On 1 January 2024, at 16:10 JST (07:10 UTC), a Mw7.5 earthquake struck 7 km north-northwest of Suzu, located on the Noto Peninsula of Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. The reverse-faulting shock achieved a maximum JMA seismic intensity of Shindo 7 and Modified Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). The shaking and accompanying tsunami caused extensive damage on the Noto Peninsula, particularly in the towns of Wajima, Suzu and Noto. Source: Wikipedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Noto_earthquake USGS PAGER Alert https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000m0xl/pager Related GEM Products Name Description Japan Hazard OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Japan Global Seismic Hazard Map Openly accessible global datasets and plots for peak ground acceleration with a return period of 475 years on rock Global Seismic Risk Map A milestone in global earthquake risk assessment No content. Related GEM Publications Understanding seismic risk in Santiago de Cali (Colombia) for its application in risk management Earthquake-induced liquefaction and landslides in Cali, Colombia Modelling the Residential Building Inventory in South America for Seismic Risk Assessment Tipologías constructivas en Quito, Cali and Santiago de los Caballeros Seismic risk assessment for the residential buildings of the three major cities in Colombia: Bogotá, Medellín, and Cali Executive summary Urban seismic risk assessment for the cities of Quito, Cali and Santiago de los Caballeros Scenario selection for representative earthquakes in Quito, Cali and Santiago de los Caballeros Assessment of earthquake damage considering the characteristics of past events in South America Evaluación de Riesgo Sísmico para Santiago de Cali Model of seismic design regulations and lateral force coefficients for buildings in South America Exploring the seismic risk of the unreinforced masonry building stock in Antioquia, Colombia Modelling the Residential Building Inventory in South America for Seismic Risk Assessment No content. Other Related Products GEM Vulnerability Model for Colombia GEM's country risk profile for Colombia GEM's Country Risk Profile for Venezuela GEM Vulnerability Model for Venezuela GEM Exposure Model for Venezuela GEM's country risk profile for Japan GEM Exposure Model for Japan GEM Vulnerability Model for Japan GEM's country risk profile for Afghanistan GEM vulnerability model for Afghanistan GEM exposure model for Afghanistan (admin 1) Other Related Publications South America Risk Assessment (SARA) Project GEM's PSHA input model documentation for Middle East 1234 Yang et al. (2023) Probabilistic seismic hazard assessments for Myanmar and its metropolitan areas. Geoscience Letters, 10(1), 48 Tun et al. (2017) The Sagaing Fault, Myanmar. In A. J. Barber, K. Zaw, & M. J. Crow (Eds.), Myanmar: Geology, Resources and Tectonics (Vol. 48, p. 0). The Geological Society of London GEM's PSHA input model documentation for SouthEast Asia GEM's PSHA input model documentation for China GEM's PSHA input model documentation for China DISCLAIMER The information and data provided on this page are for informational purposes only. The Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation makes no warranties, expressed or implied, regarding the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of the data. Users are responsible for their own interpretation and use of the information. GEM shall not be liable for any loss, damage, or injury arising from the use of, or reliance on, the information provided on this page. By downloading or utilising the data, users acknowledge and agree to these terms. The information presented on this page is provided by different organisations and governed by different licenses, please check the individual license before use. CONTACT US

News Ten risk profiles for countries in Central Asia and nearby parts of Transcaucasia and South Asia now available By: Dec 6, 2022 Share Facebook LinkedIn The risk profiles were released as part of the outputs of the project “Developing a Disaster Risk Transfer Facility in the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Region” supported by the Asian Development Bank. GEM, a member of the consortium of organizations that implemented the project from 2020-2022 provided the exposure and seismic vulnerability data as contributions to the development of disaster risk assessments and modeling in all Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Region (CAREC) countries. The consortium was led by Willis Towers Watson. CAREC member countries face growing levels of disaster risk without sufficient financial protection. The aim of the project was to establish a regional disaster risk transfer facility to promote regional cooperation, help narrow the protection gap and increase the financing available including insurance for quick response to disaster events. GEM, along with JBA Risk also contributed earthquake and flood risk data respectively to the Narrowing the Disaster Risk Protection Gap in Central Asia publication, which explores and examines risks from flooding and earthquakes in CAREC member states to strengthen disaster risk finance and informs the design of a risk transfer facility. The Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation or CAREC Program is a partnership of 11 countries (Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, People's Republic of China, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Mongolia, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan), supported by six multilateral institutions, working together to promote development through cooperation, leading to accelerated growth and poverty reduction. The Country Risk Profiles can be downloaded from the CAREC website: https://www.carecprogram.org/?page_id=21&paged=1&title=country%20risk%20profile . No images found. GALLERY 1/0 Gallery VIDEO RELATED CONTENTS

News GEM-CCARA Project trains participants from Central America on using OpenQuake to assess seismic hazard and risk By: Jul 2, 2018 Share Facebook LinkedIn “OpenQuake is vast, like a new world, so many options, you have to go deep to take advantage of it, “Jose Carlos Gil from the Mariano Galvez University, Guatemala said at the conclusion of the 3-week CCARA training workshop on seismic hazard and risk assessment held in Pavia, Italy from April 20th - May 12th. The CCARA project hosted four participants from South America to introduce seismic hazard and risk assessment using tools developed by GEM – specifically the OpenQuake engine. Other participants shared the same opinion about the OpenQuake engine saying that it’s now very user friendly but to fully benefit from it, they recognized the need to continue using it after the training workshop. They also see further applications of OQ in rural and urban seismic risk assessment citing that improvement in data collection must go hand in hand with the sophisticated software. “I found seismic risk analysis the most interesting topic because you can see the physical and economic results immediately,” a student participant shared. However, all participants agreed that social vulnerability is as important as assessing physical risk and exposure and they are keen to see GEM giving more attention to this area in the future. The workshop culminated with partners from Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Guatemala and El Salvador presenting their respective exposure models using GEM tools in calculating seismic risk. Overall, participants said they had a wonderful experience, gaining not just new knowledge and skills but also new friends. The Assessing and Mitigating Earthquake Risk in the Caribbean and Central America (CCARA) Project aims to develop capacity in the region of Central America and the Caribbean for earthquake risk assessment by leveraging GEM tools and resources, to enhance the understanding of earthquake risk, and to bridge the gap between risk assessment and disaster risk reduction. The CCARA project, which runs from 2016-2018 is made possible through the support of USAID (From the American people). No images found. GALLERY 1/0 VIDEO RELATED CONTENTS

News Fault2SHA 3rd Workshop: Role of scaling laws & fault interaction By: Jul 2, 2018 Share Facebook LinkedIn The event gathered scientists working on earthquake hazards from a variety of perspectives: fault mappers, seismologists, hazard modelers, theoretical geophysicists, and engineers.The presentations by keynote speakers illustrated many challenges in understanding the distribution of earthquakes in time and space. However they also noted that through careful data collection and analysis, progress is being made on important topics such as fault segmentation and earthquake clustering. In addition, the work by the hazard modelers shows that the constantly improving hazard engines such as OpenQuake and skills of the modelers are capable of dealing with the complexities of earthquake occurrence. The group believes that the main challenges in estimating earthquake hazards lie in the scientific rather than technical aspects. Underscoring the value of openness and transparency, Richard Styron, GEM Active Fault Specialist says, “The level of communication and mutual interest was high among participants throughout the workshop, and there is widespread support for the creation of natural laboratories where observational scientists and modelers can share data and ideas, and test hypotheses, in an open and mutually supportive environment.” The FAULT2SHA is a Working Group formally approved by the European Seismological Commission during its 35th General Assembly in September 2016. It is open to all researchers interested in contributing to discussions on topics that could improve the assessment of seismic hazard. For more information, please visit https://fault2shablog.wordpress.com/ . No images found. GALLERY 1/0 VIDEO RELATED CONTENTS

News GEM presents the OpenQuake Engine to EDF and CEA scientists and engineers By: Mar 18, 2019 Share Facebook LinkedIn About 10 scientists and engineers from Électricité de France (EDF), a nuclear electric power generation company and France’s Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), participated in the presentation and meeting on GEM's OpenQuake Engine held at the EDF lab - Paris Saclay from February 26 to March 1, 2019. The meeting focused on the description of the main features of the seismic hazard component of the OpenQuake Engine and its potential use for site-specific studies. During the 4-day meeting workshop, the GEM team composed of Marco Pagani, Hazard Team Coordinator and Michele Simionato, Senior OpenQuake Developer described the main tools developed by GEM for the construction of components of a hazard model. The participants provided many useful suggestions on potential improvements to be introduced into the engine. These suggestions as well as other scientific topics will be at the core of the initial collaboration between GEM and EDF/CEA, which proposes to utilize the OpenQuake-engine for research in probabilistic seismic hazard assessment. No images found. GALLERY 1/2 VIDEO RELATED CONTENTS

News Estimating fault slip rates in the Cascadia region of North America using joint geologic-geodetic block modeling By: Jun 3, 2021 Share Facebook LinkedIn Richard Styron, GEM hazard team, was recently invited to present at the Seismological Society of America (SSA) Conference held in April on the ongoing collaborative research between GEM, Natural Resources Canada, and other scientists to study earthquake faults in the northwestern US and western Canada. The authors of the conference paper were Richard Styron, Tiegan Hobbs (Natural Resources Canada), Zach Lifton (Idaho Geological Survey), Nick Harrichhausen (University of California, Santa Barbara) and Murray Journeay (Natural Resources Canada). The project uses a software program developed by Richard called Oiler , that estimates the long-term movement of faults and corresponding production of earthquakes. Oiler uses geodetic (mostly global positioning system or GPS) measurements of the movement of tectonic plates, as well as geologic data such as geologic mapping and paleoseismic studies, to solve for the slip rate (and therefore earthquake production rate) of all faults within a fault network. For this project, the researchers used existing fault data augmented with some new mapping in the US, and completely new mapping of possibly-active faulting in Canada, to build the fault network. Over the next year or two, the researchers hope to be able to incorporate all of this data into a comprehensive database of seismically active faults in order to evaluate the earthquake potential of previously-unstudied faults in western Canada and the northwestern US. Watch Richard’s SSA presentation here. [ VIDEO LINK ] About #SSA2021 Held on 19–23 April 2021, the virtual SSA Annual Meeting featured more than 750 technical presentations, including sessions co-sponsored by the Latin American and Caribbean Seismological Commission and the Seismological Society of China. For more about SSA, visit https://www.seismosoc.org/ . No images found. GALLERY 1/0 Gallery VIDEO RELATED CONTENTS

Publications Guidelines for component-based analytical vulnerability assessment of buildings and nonstructural elements Share Facebook LinkedIn Download 2014 | Report A procedure is offered forthe analytical derivation ofthe seismic vulnerability of building classes, that is, probabilistic relationships between shaking and repair cost as a fraction of replacement cost new for a categoryofbuildings.Itsimulatesstructural response,damage,and repaircost for thestructuralandnonstructuralcomponents thatcontributemost toconstructioncost,and thenscalesup results toaccount for the components thatwere not simulated.It does so fora carefully selected sample of building specimens called index buildings whose designs span the domain of up to three features that are believed to most strongly influence seismic vulnerability within the building class. One uses moment matching to combine results for theindexbuildings toestimatebehaviourandvariabilityof thebuildingclass.Onecansimulate non-structuralvulnerabilityalonebyignoringdamageandrepaircostforstructuralcomponents.Theworkis written for a structural engineer with a master’s degree, skilled in structural analysis, but not necessarily experiencedinlossmodelling.

News Canada renews support for GEM as Public Sponsor By: May 21, 2020 Share Facebook LinkedIn The GEM-Canada National Steering Committee led by Natural Resources Canada - with members Public Safety Canada, Insurance Bureau of Canada, Defence Research and Development Canada, the Department of Finance, Institute for Catastrophic Loss Reduction, Canadian Institute of Planners, Assembly of First Nations, and the Métis National Council – renews its commitment to support GEM for five years as Public Sponsor. GEM Governing Board officially welcomed Canada as a new member in 2017. The renewed partnership is expected to continue its contribution to the assessment of earthquake risk using OpenQuake in support of disaster risk reduction (DRR) planning in Canada. Sonia Talwar, Geological Survey of Canada, who has replaced Phil Hill as official representative, expressed excitement and is looking forward to a continued fruitful collaboration in the development of GEM’s future tools and risk models for earthquakes and other hazards in Canada. “I am happy to represent Canada in the GEM Governing Board and continue the excellent working relationship that Phil Hill started three years ago. Canada will remain committed in the next five years to support GEM’s vision of a world that is resilient to earthquakes through development and enhancement of hazard and risk models, tools and data that are critical in formulating disaster risk reduction plans and strategies,” Sonia Talwar, Geological Survey of Canada. Sonia was officially welcomed in the governing board meeting held in December 2019 at the GEM headquarters in Pavia, Italy. Phil Hill represented Canada from 2017-2019. His dedication to achieve earthquake risk reduction during his tenure paved the way for a sustained commitment from Canada. “GEM is very pleased to continue our collaborative work with Canada to reduce and manage earthquake risk. We are thankful for the generous support that the government of Canada has committed for the years ahead. This will definitely strengthen our efforts in systemic risk and recovery modelling; and capacity development for integrated assessment and scenario planning,” John Schneider, GEM Secretary General. Under the new agreement, the partnership will deliver a high-resolution profile of earthquake risk in Canada with support for the use of tools and methods to understand earthquake risk and take decisions to improve resilience. The GEM-Canada partnership will use the open source hazard and risk assessment tools developed by GEM’s international consortium of experts and combine these with expertise and knowledge on the Canadian risk environment. No images found. GALLERY 1/0 Gallery VIDEO RELATED CONTENTS

News GEM Governing Board meeting (2-3 June 2022) By: Sep 15, 2022 Share Facebook LinkedIn After more than two years of remote-only meetings, GEM held the first hybrid-format Governing Board meeting, with 25 partners and 23 staff attending in person, and 29 partners and 7 staff attending remotely. Another 30 guests remotely attended an open session featuring presentations of GEM’s progress report on its technical work program. The Governing Board approved several new and renewed memberships. Allianz Group and RMS are new Private Governors, represented by Matthias Hackl and Nilesh Shome, respectively. The Public Governor sponsorships of NIED Japan and Civil Protection Italy were renewed, represented by Hiroyuki Fujiwara and Daniela Di Bucci, respectively. Also approved was a change in sponsorship type for Swiss Re from Advisor to Private Governor, with Michael Ewald as the representative. The GB approved the formation of a standing committee on product development, which will guide the development of new and improved products for a range of users across public and private sectors, particularly aimed at the dissemination of information to downstream users in the broader risk management and disaster risk reduction communities. The GB also formed a task force to recommend new members to the GEM Advisory Board. The task force is seeking individuals for their technical and strategic perspectives in the context of GEM’s new strategic plan. The meeting featured Safehub’s donation of a building sensor for monitoring earthquake shaking to GEM to symbolise the commitment of both organisations to continue working together toward using sensor data to improve model predictions of damage from earthquakes; and the awarding of GEM Outstanding Contributor to Peter Pazak of Aon Impact Forecasting. GEM would like to extend its gratitude to all the participants and guests who actively participated in the open sessions. GEM will hold its next Governing Board meeting on Dec 1-2, also in hybrid format. No images found. GALLERY 1/13 VIDEO RELATED CONTENTS