News GEM: Applicability to the insurance industry and collaboration with Oasis By: ​ ​ Jul 12, 2018 ​ Share Facebook X (Twitter) LinkedIn ​ Close to 100 participants attended the Oasis Conference, hosted by the Swiss Re Institute and Swiss Re's Cat Perils team on July 3, 2018 at the Swiss Re Next Auditorium, Zurich, Switzerland. The 1-day event aimed at sharing and demonstrating the suite of available models, options to deploy Oasis, and how Oasis technology is developing. The event also provided a venue for model providers to demonstrate their model availability to participants such as Ambiental, Cat Risk Solutions, Fathom, Impact Forecasting, JBA and Kat Risk GmbH. More importantly, the conference discussed key issues in model development, the need for transparency and the future of catastrophe risk modelling. Paul Henshaw, GEM Director of Technology and Development and one of the keynote speakers at the conference, presented initial findings and considerations in porting a proof-of-concept OpenQuake risk model to OASIS. He is leading GEM’s testing activities on this to better understand the effort and requirements involved. “I believe that OASIS and GEM approaches and offerings are complementary. While this project is still at an early stage, I think our continued collaboration could open interesting possibilities such as the development of open and transparent software and models with support for multi-peril loss estimation and financial module,” Paul remarked after sharing his initial experience on GEM’s model implementation on OASIS loss modeling framework. Paul also presented the progress of GEM’s global earthquake hazard and risk model (GRM2018). In his presentation, he discussed the open source tools used for hazard and risk analysis and highlighted how GEM’s collaborative regional and national projects around the world contributed to the ongoing development of GRM2018. The GRM2018 is scheduled to be released on 5th December this year in Pavia, Italy. About OASIS LMF Oasis Loss Modelling Framework provides an open source modelling platform that eases the exchange of catastrophe models. Among other things, this allows the insurance industry to access models from new model providers, which increases the diversity of models and risk views. No images found. GALLERY 1/0 ​ VIDEO RELATED CONTENTS

Please fill in the form below to download or view the document. Thank you. GMPE Strong Motion Modeller's Toolkit (v.2020) Product Additional Requests Sector I have read and agree to comply with the license terms of this product, and the conditions of products use. Reset fields Submit Download Thank you. Please click Download to get your item. Provide feedback to GEM on the use and impact of the product e.g. feedback survey. Share with GEM where the product was used i.e. research, publications or projects.

News RISE Project Annual Conference By: ​ ​ Jun 6, 2022 ​ Share Facebook X (Twitter) LinkedIn ​ GEM represented by John Schneider participated in the eal-time earthquake rIsk reduction for a reSilient Europe or RISE annual project conference from May 11th - 13th in Florence, Italy. RISE is a 3-year project coordinated by ETH Zurich and financed by the Horizon 2020 programme of the European Commission involving 19 organisations from across Europe and five international partners. The conference was the first in-person conference most participants had attended in more than two years. Coincidentally, during the conference dinner on a 5th-floor rooftop, participants experienced ground shaking from a M3.7 earthquake with an epicentre 12 km from Florence. The short, sharp shake was a clear reminder of the importance of developing earthquake alerts and protocols for response, including for small earthquakes. Results of the research will feed into improved earthquake monitoring, alerts, short-term forecasting and communication protocols John noted that “GEM’s Openquake Engine and databases are being used extensively by project participants across many work packages, and demonstrate how GEM’s tools have become fundamental to European scientists and engineers for the development of earthquake scenarios and in forecasting or estimating earthquake impacts.” No images found. GALLERY RISE annual conference 2022 Florence RISE conference event dinner location vs earthquake epicentre on May 12th (star) RISE annual conference 2022 Florence RISE conference event dinner location vs earthquake epicentre on May 12th (star) 1/1 Gallery VIDEO RELATED CONTENTS

News METEOR Project: successful completion produced useful, scientifically sound, accessible and cost-efficient data and protocols By: ​ ​ Jun 3, 2021 ​ Share Facebook X (Twitter) LinkedIn Photo credit: METEOR Project After three years, the METEOR project, a consortium led by the British Geological Survey, has come to a successful conclusion, delivering all the expected outputs for pilot countries Nepal and Tanzania. The project aimed to formulate an innovative methodology of creating quality data and models that can be used to improve decision-making in disaster risk management (DRM) through the use of earth observation or EO-based imagery to identify development patterns throughout a country. The results include EO-based exposure data for 47 ODA countries ; protocols and standards for developing locally calibrated exposure data (tested and validated in Nepal and Tanzania); and capacity development of core stakeholders. These results are expected to promote welfare and economic development in the pilot and 47 ODA countries, and demonstrate the applicability of the techniques elsewhere. For planning, the data and protocols developed can help municipalities to identify areas with high landslide susceptibility, and the corresponding risk to buildings located in those areas. In emergency response, such as after an earthquake, municipalities can identify the following: low hazard areas where people can be moved to safety, where the biggest impacts are likely to be and where to focus land-use planning and building retrofitting efforts. GEM contributions GEM, a member of the consortium, contributed to two work packages: structural vulnerability assessment and propagation of uncertainty to disaster risk estimates for multiple perils including earthquakes, landslides, floods, and volcanoes; and knowledge sharing and dissemination of project outputs and protocols through the use of web portals and training workshops with local partners. In Tanzania, GEM, HOT, and DMD co-led an earthquake scenario demonstration and walkthrough workshops. A hypothetical M7.0 earthquake offshore Dar es Salaam was modelled, investigating the potential impacts of the 2020 M6.0 earthquake near Dar es Salaam had it been stronger. Using these impact estimates, stakeholders organized into 3 separate groups to determine their ministry's role in response, discuss how certain challenges to response might be overcome, and identify data that could be helpful to respond. In Nepal, GEM led workshop sessions on seismic hazards and risk, which included an overview of the theory and methodology pertaining to seismic hazard assessment (both scenario-based and probabilistic), exposure considerations specific to earthquake hazards, vulnerability modelling, and risk analysis and metrics. GEM also assisted project partners that are leading other work packages, including the construction of improved building vulnerability models for buildings with some retrofit or other seismic intervention. This work informed a cost-benefit analysis that can be used to indicate the return-on-investment of seismic mitigation strategies. METEOR Partners Other members of the consortium included Fathom (flood hazard model), Oxford Policy Management (OPM) (project monitoring and management), ImageCat (EO-based data for exposure development, methods and protocols, and training), The Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team (HOT) (exposure data in Kathmandu and Dar es Salaam for validation and calibration of building patterns from EO-based imagery), National Society for Earthquake Technology (NSET) in Nepal,and the Disaster Management Department (DMD) of the Prime Minister’s Office of Tanzania - key to the co-development of the country datasets. Important links: The training portal on the METEOR website (for Nepal and Tanzania) The maps portal on the METEOR website (exposure and hazard data) Nepal BIPAD portal containing METEOR data/maps (the official DRR data portal of Nepal) Related links: HOT Tanzania Workshop article HOT Field data in Kathmandu NASA Applied Sciences No images found. GALLERY 1/0 Gallery VIDEO RELATED CONTENTS

Global Earthquake Maps Global Recovery Map VIEWER PDF PNG CONTRIBUTORS DOCUMENTATION References Burton C.G. (2015). A Validation of Metrics for Community Resilience to Natural Hazards and Disasters using the Recovery from Hurricane Katrina as a Case Study. 150(1):67–86. Cutter, S.L., Burton, C.G. and Emrich, C. (2010). Disaster Resilience Indicators for Benchmarking Baseline Conditions. , 7(1): 1-22. Cutter, S.L., Barnes, L., Berry, M., Burton, C.G., Evans, E., Tate, E.C. and Webb, J. (2008). A Place-based Model for Understanding Community Resilience to Natural Disasters. 18: 598-606. Despotaki*, V., Sousa, L., and Burton, C.G., (2018). Using Socio-economic Indicators for Earthquake Recovery Prediction. Earthquake Spectra, 34: 265-282. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION The Recovery/Reconstruction Potential Map is closely aligned with the concept of disaster resilience. Enhancing a country’s resilience to earthquakes is to improve its capacity to anticipate threats, to reduce its overall vulnerability, and to allow its communities to recover from adverse impacts from earthquakes when they occur. The measurement of recovery and reconstruction potential includes capturing inherent conditions that allow communities within a country to absorb impacts and cope with a damaging earthquake event, such as the density of the built environment, education levels, and political participation. It also encompasses post event processes that facilitate a population’s ability to reorganize, change, and learn in response to a damaging earthquake. Criteria for indicator selection To choose indicators contextually exclusive for use in each map, the starting point was an exhaustive review of the literature on earthquake social vulnerability and resilience. For a variable to be considered appropriate and selected, three equally important criteria were met: - variables were justified based on the literature regarding its relevance to one or more of the indices. - variables needed to be of consistent quality and freely available from sources such as the United Nations and the World Bank; and - variables must be scalable or available at various levels of geography to promote sub-country level analyses. This procedure resulted in a ‘wish list’ of approximately 300 variables of which 78 were available and fit for use based on the three criteria. Process for indicator selection For variables to be allocated to an index, a two-tiered validation procedure was utilized. For the first tier, variables were assigned to each of the respective indices based on how each variable was cited within the literature, i.e., as being part of an index of social vulnerability, economic vulnerability, or recovery/resilience. For the second tier, machine learning and a multivariate ordinal logistic regression modelling procedure was used for external validation. Here, focus was placed on the statistical association between the socio-economic vulnerability indicators and the adverse impacts from historical earthquakes on a country-by country-basis. The Global Significant Earthquake Database provided the external validation metrics that were used as dependent variables in the statistical analysis. To include both severe and moderate earthquakes within the dependent variables, adverse impact data was collected from damaging earthquake events that conformed to at least one of five criteria: 1) caused deaths, 2) caused moderate damage (approximately $1 million USD or more), 3) had a magnitude 7.5 or greater 4) had a Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) X or greater, or 5) generated a tsunami. This database was chosen because it considers low magnitude earthquakes that were damaging (e.g., MW >=2.5 & MW<=5.5) and contains socio-economic data such as the total number of fatalities, injuries, houses damaged or destroyed, and dollar loss estimates in $USD. Countries not demonstrating at least a minimal earthquake risk, i.e., seismicity <0.05 PGA (Pagani et al. 2018) and <$10,000 USD in predicted average annual losses (Silva et al. 2018) were eliminated from the analyses so as not to include countries with minimal to no earthquake risk. A total study area consists of 136 countries. The Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation The Global Socio-Economic Vulnerability Maps 2020 is a product of the GEM Foundation’s collaborative work with the Department of Geography at the University of Connecticut, USA. GEM is a non-profit foundation in Pavia, Italy funded through a public-private partnership with a vision to create a world that is resilient to earthquakes. Formed in 2009 through the initiative of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Global Science Forum in 2006, GEM participants represent national research and disaster management institutions; private sector companies mainly in insurance, risk financing and engineering; and academic and international organizations. GEM’s OpenQuake Platform website (platform.openquake.org) provides access to all of the data, models, tools and software behind the maps. GEM’s open-source OpenQuake engine enables probabilistic hazard and risk calculations worldwide and at all scales, from global down to regional, national, local, and site-specific applications in a single software package. GEM supports the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) goals by contributing openly accessible products for hazard and risk assessment and capacity development through risk reduction projects. GEM also serves as a baseline or exemplar for the development of a broader multi-hazard framework for risk assessment in support of a holistic and comprehensive approach to disaster risk reduction. Technical details on the development and compilation of the socio-economic vulnerability maps, underlying models and the list of contributors can be found at: https://www.globalquakemodel.org/svrmaps/Reconstruction-and-Recovery-Index-Technical-Description. How to use and cite this work Please cite this work as: C Burton, M. Toquica (September 2020). Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Social Vulnerability Map (version 2020.1) DOI: 10.13117/GEM-RECONSTRUCTION-RECOVERY-MAP. This work is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution - Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA). Acknowledgements This map is the result of a collaborative effort and extensively relies on the enthusiasm and commitment of various organisations to openly share and collaborate. The creation of this map would not have been possible without the support provided by several public and private organisations during GEM’s second and third working programmes, 2014-2018 and 2019-2021 respectively. None of this would have been possible without the extensive support of all GEM Secretariat staff. These key contributions are profoundly acknowledged. A complete list of the contributors can be found at: www. globalquakemodel.org/global-social-vulnerability. Legal statements This map is an informational product created by the GEM Foundation for public dissemination purposes. The information included in this map must not be used for the design of seismic socio-economic policies or to support any important decisions involving human life, capital and movable and immovable properties. The values of social vulnerability and risk values used in this map do not constitute an alternative nor do they replace any national government policy or actions defined in national codes or earthquake risk estimates derived nationally. Readers seeking this information should contact the national authorities tasked with socio economic and risk assessment. The socio-economic vulnerability maps are based on the results of an integration process that is solely the responsibility of the GEM Foundation. Contact GEM (Global Earthquake Model) Foundation Via Ferrata, 1 - 27100, Pavia, Italy info@globalquakemodel.org . More information available at: www. globalquakemodel.org/global-social-vulnerability MAJOR SPONSORS Verisk ARUP GEOSCIENCE AUSTRALIA CSSC NRCan EAFIT ETH ZURICH EUCENTRE FM GLOBAL GFZ GIROJ GNS SCIENCE HANNOVER RE MUNICH RE NTU ICRM NEPHILA NERC NIED NSET OYO PARTNER RE DPC SGC SWISS SER SWISS RE FOUNDATION SURAMERICANA TEM RCN USGS USAID WTW ZURICH INSURANCE

News We have a new website! By: ​ ​ Mar 20, 2019 ​ Share Facebook X (Twitter) LinkedIn ​ GEM is happy to announce the launching of its new website: www.globalquakemodel.org - Global Earthquake Model Foundation: For a world that is resilient to earthquakes. We’ve made significant changes that we hope will make your browsing smoother, find information faster and your overall experience more enjoyable. Check out these new features and share with us what you think by clicking the Feedback button or Contact Us icon. Navigation - quick links to our site’s most visited sections are located on the right side including the Search, Menu and Home icons; to navigate within a section or page, links are displayed on the left side of the screen Global maps - global earthquake hazard and risk maps, searchable country risk profiles, model documentation and links to the Interactive Map Viewer: all of these are now accessible in one place OpenQuake - a one­-stop­-page to guide new and returning visitors on how to get started with GEM’s state­-of­-the-­art hazard and risk assessment software: the OpenQuake Engine and its associated tools and data. Search - improved search page to help you quickly find what you’re looking for Publications - search our collection by title or author Projects - search or browse GEM’s projects by region, and download available country data i.e. country risk profiles Mobile version - try the mobile version, works best with Android and iOS 10 up The new website is still a work-in-progress and we plan to add more cool stuff in the near future to further enhance your experience on data and information accessibility. We are counting on your feedback to further improve our website. We will definitely be listening to what you -­ our stakeholders­ have to say. You can easily send us your feedback by clicking the Feedback button or Contact Us icon. We hope to hear from you soon! No images found. GALLERY 1/3 ​ VIDEO RELATED CONTENTS

Project Name Products East Asia Exposure Repository with the inventory of residential, commercial and industrial buildings in East Asia Share Facebook X (Twitter) LinkedIn Description The Global Exposure Model is a mosaic of local and regional models with information regarding the residential, commercial, and industrial building stock at the smallest available administrative division of each country and includes details about the number of buildings, number of occupants, vulnerability characteristics, average built-up area, and average replacement cost. The dataset is developed and maintained by the GEM Foundation, using a bottom-up approach at the global scale, using national statistics, socio-economic data, and local datasets. This model allows the identification of the most common types of construction worldwide, regions with large fractions of informal construction, and areas prone to natural disasters with a high concentration of population and building stock. The East Asia region of the model includes information pertaining to the following countries/territories: China, Hong Kong, Japan, Macao, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan. How to cite this work Yepes-Estrada, C., Calderon, A., Costa, C., Crowley, H., Dabbeek, J., Hoyos, M., Martins, L., Paul, N., Rao, A., Silva, V. (2023). Global Building Exposure Model for Earthquake Risk Assessment. Earthquake Spectra. doi:10.1177/87552930231194048 Available Versions An open version (v2023.1) of the model, aggregated at Administrative Level 1, is available for direct download under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. Users interested in this version can click the "Open Repository" button in the right panel to access the information. The full version for any country/territory, at the highest resolution available, can be requested by clicking on the "License Request", where a specific license will be provided, depending on the use case. License information The open version is available under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license, which requires: *Attribution (you must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made) *Non-commercial (you may not use the material for commercial purposes) *ShareAlike (derivatives created must be made available under the same license as the original) Any deviation from these terms incur in license infringement. For commercial use of the model, a specific license agreement must be made tailored to your use case, in such instance please click on "License Request". Share License CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Available resources Open Repository License Request Facebook X (Twitter) LinkedIn text Map View Search Popup title Close Country/Region Available Resources Country/Region Available Resources Country/Region Resource Url Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Preview Preview is not available. Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Preview Preview is not available. Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Preview Preview is not available. Related products Global Exposure Model Global Vulnerability Model Global Seismic Risk Map Country-Territory Seismic Risk Profiles Global Seismic Hazard Map Related publications For downloading or accessing detailed product information like PNG/PDF maps, datasets, license request, shapefiles and more, please switch to a desktop or laptop computer. Thank you for your understanding.

Please fill in the form below to download or view the document. Thank you. Global social vulnerability indicators Product Additional Requests Sector I have read and agree to comply with the license terms of this product, and the conditions of products use. Reset fields Submit Download Thank you. Please click Download to get your item. Provide feedback to GEM on the use and impact of the product e.g. feedback survey. Share with GEM where the product was used i.e. research, publications or projects.

News GEM renews its commitment to help achieve the goals of the Sendai Framework by 2030 By: ​ ​ Jul 31, 2019 ​ Share Facebook X (Twitter) LinkedIn ​ The Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation has renewed its Sendai Framework Voluntary Commitment (VC) to increase earthquake risk understanding and resilience globally. Under the Sendai Framework VC, GEM is committed to continue developing, communicating and facilitating the use of earthquake hazard, risk and social vulnerability tools and information to contribute to the achievement of the four priorities of action of the UNDRR’s Sendai Framework by 2030 . The Voluntary Commitments initiative, was developed in response to the UN General Assembly resolution 68/211 (2013) and launched in the lead-up to the World Conference for Disaster Risk Reduction (WCDRR) in March 2015 to support the development of partnerships at all levels to implement the Sendai Framework. GEM made its first commitment during the WCDRR in Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. UNDRR has established an online platform as a mechanism to mobilize, monitor and take stock of commitments from multi-stakeholders for the implementation of the Sendai Framework until 2030. Since its launch in December 2018, a number of stakeholders have already showcased their efforts to build resilient societies by publishing and monitoring Voluntary Commitments (VCs) in support of the implementation of the Sendai Framework through the SFVC online platform. To learn more on how to participate in this initiative, visit https://sendaicommitments.unisdr.org . No images found. GALLERY 1/0 ​ VIDEO RELATED CONTENTS

News News Briefs: May-August 2021 By: ​ ​ Aug 30, 2021 ​ Share Facebook X (Twitter) LinkedIn ​ IDF Summit 2021 https://idfsummit.insdevforum.org/ GEM joined its partners, the Insurance Development Forum for the inaugural IDF Summit 2021, held on June 7-8. The theme was Building resilience in a riskier world. Global leaders and hundreds of participants from around the world participated in the event. In case you missed it, you can still visit GEM’s dedicated booth @ Knowledge Hub bit.ly/3ghuJph . Governing Board meeting, June 2021 GEM would like to thank all the sponsors and partners for making the first virtual Governing Board meeting of 2021 a great success. The bi-annual meeting was attended by sponsors from public and private sponsors, as well associate and project partners. The meeting featured the usual (and highly appreciated) progress reports on GEM Secretariat activities, advances in the development of GEM products, including commercial risk models, and initial progress on the development of a new GEM Strategic Plan for 2021 to 2030. European Commission and World Bank Dialogue - Economics for Disaster Prevention and Preparedness https://ec.europa.eu/echo/field-blogs/videos/economics-disaster-prevention-and-preparedness_en https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2021/06/04/economics-for-disaster-prevention-and-preparedness-in-europe The European Commission and World Bank held a Dialogue on June 7th for the release of reports providing an in-depth look at the economics for disaster, prevention and preparedness in Europe. GEM provided research and analytics support on earthquake risk, exposure and vulnerability. Vitor Silva represented GEM in the dialogue. COMPDYN: 8th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering https://2021.compdyn.org/ GEM’s Vitor Silva participated as a panelist in the round table on fragility curves for existing buildings: open challenges in their definition and use for seismic risk analyses. Vitor presented the Global Risk Assessment: mistakes from the past and promises for the future. GEM at GAGE SAGE 2021 Community Science Workshop https://gage-sage-2021.us2.pathable.com/meetings/virtual/ToWA2isYjG7gxhAhF GEM joined the virtual GAGE SAGE 2021 Community Science Workshop on August 16th. GEM’s Catalina Yepes shared GEM’s experiences on the challenges and strategies in training and local collaborations in the International Panel for the Americas. GAGE, the Geodetic Facility for the Advancement of Geosciences, is a facility funded by the US National Science Foundation and NASA and operated by UNAVCO. SAGE is operated by the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS). South Africa Model release GEM has completed the development of its earthquake risk model for South Africa into the Oasis Loss Modelling Framework and the AIR Touchstone formats. The model will be available soon for licensing from the Nasdaq Risk Modelling for Catastrophes Service (contact Nasdaq ) and the AIR Touchstone platforms (contact AIR ). The risk model may be used to assess potential financial losses to commercial, industrial and residential buildings due to earthquake ground shaking. GEM’s South Africa earthquake risk model was generated using the hazard model for South Africa developed by the South Africa Council for Geoscience as the national hazard model, and for input to South Africa building design regulations. The vulnerability and exposure models and data were developed by GEM and cover the residential, commercial and industrial building stock. In the commercial models, OpenQuake is used to generate a stochastic set of hazard footprints (i.e., the spatial distribution of ground motion for each scenario event in the stochastic set). The suite of hazard footprints is translated into the Oasis or Touchstone formats, together with the building vulnerability curves to produce ground up losses, which are then fed into the financial module to compute (re)insured losses. Portfolio analyses may be conducted using industry standard occupancy classes. The original OpenQuake (OQ) version of the South Africa model (hazard, vulnerability and exposure components) is available from GEM under a Creative Commons open license (CC BY-SA). See https://www.globalquakemodel.org/product/south-africa-model for licensing and access to the models and data, as well as model documentation. The OQ version provides a much more detailed view of hazard and risk than the commercial models, but provides risk in terms of ground-up losses (i.e., cost of direct physical damage), not insured losses. No images found. GALLERY 1/0 Gallery VIDEO RELATED CONTENTS