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GEM is comprised of collaborators from public, private, academic and non-government organizations worldwide. OUR PARTNERS GEM is comprised of collaborators from public, private, academic and non-government organizations worldwide. These partners work together to advance the state-of-the-art for disaster risk reduction by developing data, tools and information and conducting hazard and risk assessments for improving our understanding of earthquake hazard and risk globally. PUBLIC PRIVATE ASSOCIATE PROJECT DISTRIBUTION PAST PARTNERS Share Facebook X (Twitter) LinkedIn Public Governors Public Governors BGS-NERC Member Public Governor Sponsor. Voting Member GeoScience Australia Member Public Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Taiwan Earthquake Model-TEM Member Public Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Department of Civil Protection, Italy Member Public Governor Sponsor. Voting Member and Vice-chair National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience Member Public Governor Sponsor. Voting Member United States Agency for International Development-USAID Member Public Sponsor. Non-Voting Member GNS Science Member Public Governor Sponsor. Voting Member State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation Member Public Governor Sponsor. Voting Member private Private Partners Governors Allianz Governor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Factory Mutual Insurance - FM Governor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Munich Re Governor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Swiss Re Governor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Zurich Insurance Group Governor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Aon Governor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Hannover Re Governor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member and Chair PartnerRe Governor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Verisk Governor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member EUCENTRE Governor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Marsh McLennan/Guy Carpenter Governor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member RMS Governor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Willis Towers Watson Governor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Advisors AXA Sponsor Advisor Sponsor. Non-Voting Member Gallagher Re Sponsor Advisor Sponsor. Non-Voting Member Safehub Sponsor Advisor Sponsor. Non-Voting Member CelsiusPro Sponsor Advisor Sponsor. Non-Voting Member NormanMax Insurance Solutions Sponsor Advisor Sponsor. Non-Voting Member Descartes Underwriting Sponsor Advisor Sponsor. Non-Voting Member One Concern Sponsor Advisor Sponsor. Non-Voting Member associate Associate Partners APDIM Member Associate. Non-Voting Member IASPEI Member Associate. Non-Voting Member UNESCO Member Associate. Non-Voting Member EERI Member Associate. Non-Voting Member IRDR Member Associate. Non-Voting Member United States Geological Survey (USGS) Member Associate. Non-Voting Member IAEE Member Associate. Non-Voting Member UNDRR Member Associate. Non-Voting Member project partners Project Partners Colombian Geological Survey Member Institutional Project Partner EdF Member Institutional Project Partner Suramericana Member Institutional Project Partner Distribution Product Distribution Partners Aon Impact Forecasting Product Distributor ImageCat Product Distributor Verisk Product Distributor Climate Engine Product Distributor Jupiter Intelligence Product Distributor dClimate Product Distributor Eigenrisk Product Distributor Nasdaq Product Distributor GEM Past Sponsors and Partners Past Organization Sponsor Type Country 100RC Associate NA Arup Private Sponsor United Kingdom Belgium Science Policy Public Sponsor Belgium Bogazici University Public Sponsor Türkiye CAMICON Public Sponsor Ecuador CIGIDEN Public Sponsor Chile Colombian Geological Survey Public Sponsor Colombia DASK Public Sponsor Türkiye FUNVISIS Public Sponsor Venezuela GFDRR-World Bank Associate NA GIROJ Private Sponsor Japan Geological Survey of Canada Public Sponsor Canada Global Parametrics Private Sponsor United Kingdom HelmHoltz Centre Potsdam-GFZ Public Sponsor Germany IStructE Associate NA Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Public Sponsor Singapore National Society for Earthquake Technology-NSET Public Sponsor Nepal Nephila Private Sponsor Bermuda OYO Private Sponsor Japan Renaissance Re Private Sponsor Bermuda Suramericana Private Sponsor Colombia The Research Council of Norway-NORSAR Public Sponsor Norway

FAQ of GEM Foundation Frequently Asked Questions Welcome to GEM's FAQ section, offering insights on sponsorship, participation, intellectual property rights, licensing, and trademarks. This resource aims to address common queries and assist in better understanding GEM's operations and engagement opportunities. Explore our FAQs for clear guidance on various aspects of involvement with us. Share Facebook LinkedIn How to sponsor and participate 1. What kind of institution is GEM? The GEM Foundation (Italian registered name “Fondazione GEM”) is a non-profit foundation regulated by Italian law and based in Pavia (hosted by EUCENTRE). 2. How can my company or institution collaborate with GEM? The first and most complete option is to become a GEM sponsor (for more details, please see the following FAQ). If this is not possible for any reason, you can consider starting a specific project and then signing an institutional collaboration agreement. “Institutional” means that the object of the collaboration must fall within the institutional aims of the GEM Foundation, which are described in detail in art. 2 of the statute. Our legal team can provide you with an agreement template for institutional collaborations. 3. How can my company or institution become a sponsor of GEM? As provided in art. 3 of GEM Statute, to become a GEM sponsor you should submit your application to the GEM Governing Board, specifying the sponsorship category, the Sponsorship duration, and the name of the designated member of the Governing Board. Should the Governing Board accept the new sponsorship application, the candidate will have to sign a sponsorship agreement through which they commit to: respect the Statute and the GEM Foundation rules and regulations; disburse the annual contribution in support of the Foundation’s activities set by the Governing Board for the specific participant category to which they belong. Our legal team can provide you with a sponsorship agreement for your specific category. 4. Can GEM support my company or institution just as a consultant or a service provider? Yes, it is possible but is not our preferred approach. Italian law does not prohibit non-profit organizations from doing business as a commercial entity. However, this approach is less in line with our core values and mission. Commercial activities are also more expensive for GEM to carry out due to increased administrative overheads and taxes. For these reasons, GEM undertakes commercial activities only where doing so benefits the community as a whole. GEM reinvests any surplus revenue from commercial projects for use in institutional activities, with a focus on supporting the Global South. 5. Which categories of sponsors are available? The GEM Statute includes three macro-categories of sponsors: a. Governor: they are voting sponsors and need to pay a financial contribution … b. Advisor: they are non-voting sponsors and need to pay a financial contribution … c. Associates: they are non-voting sponsors and do not need to pay any financial contribution; they may nominate a delegate to attend Governing Board meetings (without voting right). How to use intellectual property rights and licensing 6. What are the main GEM Foundation intellectual products? As part of its institutional activities, the GEM Foundation produces software, datasets, hazard models, scientific and informative articles, research reports, slides presentation, infographics, maps and pictures. As is well known, these types of materials are protected by intellectual property rights and, except where otherwise specified, the GEM Foundation is the sole rights holder. 7. What is GEM's approach to product rights and licensing? The GEM Foundation adopts an open approach to the management of rights on its products and supports the spread of phenomena such as free software/open source software, open access, open data. With a few limited exceptions, all intellectual products by the GEM Foundation are released with open licenses, such as the Free Software Foundation licenses for software and the Creative Commons licenses for creative contents, datasets and models. Every file that is released on our websites is accompanied by the corresponding license. From time to time, please check the license applied. If in doubt, you can contact licensing@globalquakemodel.org . 8. How to use GEM intellectual products? What types of licenses can be applied? In order to perform analyses using the OpenQuake engine, one needs both the engine software and a model. In order to use a model one must respect both software and data licenses. a. Software, AGPL The software license used by GEM, the GNU AGPL, allows users to use the software for any purpose, including commercial purposes, without having to request a specific permission and without needing to become active supporters of our projects. The AGPL does restrict (re)distribution and integration of the software - in particular it is not permitted to link AGPL software with closed-source software systems, even if this linkage is performed via a network. Users are permitted to modify AGPL software, however, users must remember to release any derived/modified versions openly under the terms of the AGPL. In essence this means that GEM software must remain open and cannot be made into closed products without permission. b. Data and Models The Creative Commons licenses applied to our creative contents, datasets and models, allow users to freely use and modify (by making derivative works) our products and require that the authorship of GEM Foundation is always correctly attributed and in some cases impose some additional restrictions on use. GEM models and datasets are distributed with either the CC BY-SA license which allows commercial use or the CC BY-NC-SA license which prohibits commercial use. Both are Share-Alike licenses; this means that the product and any modified or derived products may only be (re)distributed under the terms of the same license. In essence this means that GEM models must remain open and cannot be made into closed products without permission. c. Other content (slides, images, articles) Some content is distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-ND license which prohibits both commercial use and the creation of derived products; this means that you are free to redistribute the content but you may not modify or make commercial use of the content. Content published in peer-reviewed journals, conference proceedings or other publications may have a different license, please check before using. GEM Foundation registered trademarks The GEM Foundation has two registered trademarks: GEM Global Earthquake Model (see graphics) and OQ OpenQuake (see graphics). They have been registered in the following countries: European Union, United States, Switzerland, Australia, Turkey, Japan. More details about the usage of our trademarks are available below. 9. What are the rules and policies applicable to Marks owned by GEM Foundation? In addition to the generally applicable rules, there are a few specific rules that we ask everyone to follow when using trademarks owned by GEM Foundation. Use the full form of any trademarks (e.g., “GEM Global Earthquake Model”) in the first reference in all documents of mass communication, including marketing collateral and web pages. You may then use any abbreviated or short form references (e.g. “GEM”) within the same the document where the full form has already been used. Do not use GEM Foundation trademarks in a manner that would disparage GEM Foundation or its projects (e.g., untruthful advertising, false/misleading promotional materials, etc.). Do not use a GEM Foundation logo on the cover of a book or magazine without written permission from GEM Foundation. Do not use GEM Foundation trademarks more prominently than your own company, product or service name. Do not use a logo of GEM Foundation on posters, brochures, signs, websites, or other marketing materials to promote your events, products or services without written permission from GEM Foundation. Do not attempt to claim or assert any ownership rights in any mark of GEM Foundation and do not attempt to register any GEM Foundation trademark as a trademark, trade name, domain name, or “doing business as” name, alone or (unless specifically licensed) in combination with your own trademarks. DOs and DON'Ts on the use of GEM logos and links GEM Foundation marks have been created and their use is expressly permitted for a specific purpose. DON'T : Do not use logos or names of GEM Foundation in any commercial or marketing context other than as expressly permitted in this policy unless you have obtained explicit written permission from GEM Foundation to do so. DO : Do use our trademarks for private and personal use to make t-shirts, stickers, and caps for yourself and your friends (meaning people from whom you don’t receive anything of value in return) in a manner that is consistent with the preservation of the goodwill and value of the mark. DO : You are also allowed to use a trademark or logo of GEM Foundation as a link to the home page of the applicable project or to a web page on GEM Foundation web site that is relevant to the reference so long as the link is in a manner that is consistent with the preservation of the goodwill and value of the mark. DO : The link and all other usage of a logo of GEM Foundation shall be done using the official versions of GEM Foundation logos obtained from GEM Foundation or its projects.

GEM is comprised of the Secretariat, a Governing Board from public, private, academic and non-government organizations worldwide, and an Advisory Board GEM TEAM GEM, comprised of the Secretariat, a diverse Governing Board, and an Advisory Board, strives collectively to enhance earthquake risk reduction globally. Operating from EUCENTRE in Pavia, Italy, our international Secretariat spearheads efforts in data development and hazard and risk assessment. Learn more about our team members below. Share Facebook X (Twitter) LinkedIn Organigram Secretariat Management Support Hazard Team Risk Team I.T. Advisory Board Governing Board Anchor 1 Joerg Steffensen Hannover Re Chair Daniela Di Bucci Department of Civil Protection, Italy Vice Chair Laurie Johnson Laurie Johnson Consulting Chair Helen Crowley Secretary General Marco Pagani Head of Seismic Hazards Vitor Silva Head of Risk Engineering Paul Henshaw Director of Tech. & Devt. Christopher Brooks Seismic Hazard Scientist United Kingdom Kendra Johnson Senior Seismic Hazard Scientist United States Kirsty Bayliss Seismic Hazard Scientist United Kingdom Manuela Villani Senior Seismic Hazard Scientist Italy Richard Styron Senior Active Faults Specialist United States Fahrettin Kuran IUSS Pavia Türkiye Jarod Domenge University of Milano Bicocca France Zainab Asaad IUSS Pavia Lebanon Antonio Ettorre Systems Administrator Italy Armando Scarpati Frontend Developer Italy Matteo Nastasi Senior Software Developer Italy Michele Simionato Senior Software Developer Italy Paolo Tormene Senior Software Developer Italy Amir Taherian University of Aveiro Iran Fatemeh Alishahiha IUSS Pavia Iran Furkan Narlitepe IUSS Pavia Turkey Julian Montejo University of Chieti-Pescara Colombia Salvador Ramos University of Aveiro Mexico Zarin Karim Zadeh University of Aveiro Iran Astha Poudel University of Lisbon Greece Mara Mita University of Porto Portugal Chiara Pigoli Accounting & Administrative Officer Italy Jephraim Oro Communications Coordinator Philippines Jessica Campo Administrative & Social Media Asst. Italy Pratim Parash Kalita Product Manager India Beatrice Giorgi Human Resources Italy Ettore Festa Health and Safety Manager Italy Giuseppe Lombardi Human Resources Italy Jamal Dabbeek Arab States Regional Coordinator Palestine Simone Aliprandi Contracts and Licensing Advisor Italy Al Mouayed Bellah Nafeh Physical Vulnerability Lead Lebanon Alejandro Calderon Exposure Research Lead Costa Rica Anirudh Rao Seismic Risk Modelling Lead India Catalina Yepes Exposure Development Lead Colombia Catarina Costa Infrastructure Risk Lead Portugal Daniela González González Exposure Analyst Colombia Karim Aljawhari Physical Vulnerability Modeller Palestine Marco Baiguera Exposure Analyst Italy Martina Caruso Seismic Risk Modeller Italy Daniel Gomez Exposure Analyst Colombia Lana Todorovic Liquefaction and Landslide Modeller Montenegro Helen Crowley Secretary General United Kingdom Marco Pagani Head of Seismic Hazards Italy Vitor Silva Head of Risk Engineering Portugal Paul Henshaw Director of Tech. & Devt. United Kingdom Japan Ecuador Türkiye Switzerland Türkiye Chile Belgium United Kingdom Venezuela NA Bermuda Load more Public Governors BGS-NERC Member Public Governor Sponsor. Voting Member GeoScience Australia Member Public Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Taiwan Earthquake Model-TEM Member Public Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Department of Civil Protection, Italy Member Public Governor Sponsor. Voting Member and Vice-chair National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience Member Public Governor Sponsor. Voting Member United States Agency for International Development-USAID Member Public Sponsor. Non-Voting Member GNS Science Member Public Governor Sponsor. Voting Member State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation Member Public Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Private Partners Governors Allianz Sponsor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Factory Mutual Insurance - FM Sponsor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Munich Re Sponsor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Swiss Re Sponsor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Aon Sponsor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Hannover Re Sponsor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member and Chair PartnerRe Sponsor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Verisk Sponsor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member EUCENTRE Sponsor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Marsh McLennan/Guy Carpenter Sponsor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member RMS Sponsor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Willis Towers Watson Sponsor Private Governor Sponsor. Voting Member Advisors AXA Sponsor Advisor Sponsor. Non-Voting Member Gallagher Re Sponsor Advisor Sponsor. Non-Voting Member Safehub Sponsor Advisor Sponsor. Non-Voting Member CelsiusPro Sponsor Advisor Sponsor. Non-Voting Member NormanMax Insurance Solutions Sponsor Advisor Sponsor. Non-Voting Member Descartes Underwriting Sponsor Advisor Sponsor. Non-Voting Member One Concern Sponsor Advisor Sponsor. Non-Voting Member Associate Partners APDIM Member Associate. Non-Voting Member IASPEI Member Associate. Non-Voting Member UNESCO Member Associate. Non-Voting Member EERI Member Associate. Non-Voting Member IRDR Member Associate. Non-Voting Member United States Geological Survey (USGS) Member Associate. Non-Voting Member IAEE Member Associate. Non-Voting Member UNDRR Member Associate. Non-Voting Member Load more Japan Ecuador Türkiye Switzerland Türkiye Chile Belgium United Kingdom Venezuela NA Bermuda Load more

MISSION The GEM Foundation is a non-profit, public-private partnership that drives a global collaborative effort to develop scientific and high-quality resources for transparent assessment of earthquake risk and to facilitate their application for risk management around the globe. Assisted by an initiative of the OECD's Global Science Forum, GEM was formed in 2009 as a non-profit foundation in Pavia, Italy, funded through a public-private sponsorship with the vision to create a world that is resilient to earthquakes and other natural hazards. Through global partnerships, GEM’s mission is to: continue to be the world’s official, most complete source of earthquake risk resources and a globally accepted standard for risk assessment; ensure that GEM products find application in catastrophe risk management worldwide; become a global leader in integrated, multi-hazard risk assessment and resilience planning. Share Facebook X (Twitter) LinkedIn GEM builds capacity to assess and manage risk through open, transparent and collaborative seismic risk assessment at local, national, regional and global scales. Using state-of-the-art tools, GEM is committed to share and advocate open, reliable earthquake risk information to support sound disaster risk-reduction planning at various levels. Openness Open data, open software, transparent processes, freely accessible to the public Collaboration Public-private partnership, inclusiveness, working together across geographies and disciplines Credibility Commitment to scientific credibility, trusted by local and global partners and peers Public Good Motivated by the welfare of the public, works to serve the public good Core Values

Papers, articles and reports are released as part of GEM's advancing science & knowledge-sharing initiatives. Selected reports and other materials produced by the international consortia on global projects, working groups and regional collaborations can also be found below. PUBLICATIONS Papers, articles and reports are released as part of GEM's advancing science & knowledge-sharing initiatives. Selected reports and other materials produced by the international consortia on global projects, working groups and regional collaborations can also be found below. Share Facebook LinkedIn Featured Publications Development of a global seismic risk model GEM Strategic Plan and Roadmap to 2030 Improving Post-Disaster Damage Data Collection to Inform Decision-Making Final Report Anchor 1 Publications List 0 Sort by Title: A-Z Z-A List Gallery Download ATLAS 2.0: Ground-shaking intensities at multiple return periods all over the world Type: Brochure Year: 2024 ATLAS 2.0 is GEM’s new hazard data service that allows users to access and interact with the outputs from the GEM Global Mosaic, used to generate the Global Seismic Hazard Maps. Available for public-good and commercial applications, users can now access full sets of hazard curves that describe the intensity of ground-shaking for different soil conditions, at multiple return periods, all over the world. Details Download Quantify Your Earthquake Risk: Expert Solutions from the GEM Foundation Type: Brochure Year: 2024 A quick glance of GEM's commercially available scientifically robust risk information and flagship products. The brochure also highlights GEM's collaborative projects globally for public good. Details Download Building a World Resilient to Earthquakes and other Natural Hazards Type: Brochure Year: 2024 An overview of the GEM Foundation's history, collaborative and transparent approach, pioneering scientific tools such as the OpenQuake Engine and the benefits of supporting GEM. Details Download Global building exposure model for earthquake risk assessment Type: Peer-reviewed Year: 2023 The global building exposure model is a mosaic of local and regional models with information regarding the residential, commercial, and industrial building stock at the smallest available administrative division of each country and includes details about the number of buildings, number of occupants, vulnerability characteristics, average built-up area, and average replacement cost. We aimed for a bottom-up approach at the global scale, using national statistics, socio-economic data, and local datasets. This model allows the identification of the most common types of construction worldwide, regions with large fractions of informal construction, and areas prone to earthquakes with a high concentration of population and building stock. The mosaic of exposure models presented herein can be used for the assessment of probabilistic seismic risk and earthquake scenarios. Information at the global, regional, and national levels is available through a public repository (https://github.com/gem/global_exposure_model), which will be used to maintain, update and improve the models. Details Download Development of a global seismic risk model Type: Peer-reviewed Year: 2020 The Development of a Global Seismic Risk Model was a mammoth undertaking that involved hundreds of people and for the first time presented a detailed view of seismic risk at the global scale. For some developing countries, this was the first time that a seismic risk map was produced, and the associated country profiles are being used by the local authorities. Details Download GEM Strategic Plan and Roadmap to 2030 Type: Brochure Year: 2022 GEM was founded in 2009 with the purpose of improving the global knowledge of earthquake risk and contributing to the reduction of risk worldwide. In 13 years, GEM has become widely known for its global effort to improve the state of practice of earthquake hazard and risk assessment and for its contribution to improving the state of knowledge of earthquake risk. Details Download Exploring benefit cost analysis to support earthquake risk mitigation in Central America Type: Peer-reviewed Year: 2022 We performed benefit-cost analysis to identify optimum retrofitting interventions for the two most vulnerable building typologies in Central America, unreinforced masonry and adobe, considering the direct costs due to building damage and the indirect costs associated with the injured and fatalities. We reviewed worldwide retrofitting techniques, selected those that could be applied in the region for these building types, and derived vulnerability functions considering the impact of each retrofitting intervention in the strength, stiffness, and ductility of the structures. Probabilistic seismic risk analyses were performed considering the original configuration of each building class, as well as the retrofitted version. We calculated average annual losses to estimate the annual savings due to the different structural interventions, and benefit cost ratios were estimated based on the associated cost of each retrofitting technique. Based on the benefit-cost analyses, for a 50-year time horizon and a 4% discount rate, retrofitting these building classes could be economically viable along the western coast of Central America. Details Download The adolescent years of seismic risk assessment Type: Peer-reviewed Year: 2022 Vitor Silva reflects on the current position of seismic risk assessment compared to its hazard counterpart, and posits that this discipline is expected to become common practice in disaster risk management, providing decision makers with valuable information not just about the current threat, but also how the impact of future disasters is expected to evolve. The growth of seismic risk assessment into its adult years will allow a more efficient design and implementation of risk mitigation measures. ultimately contributing to its main and only goal: the reduction of the human and economic losses caused by earthquakes. Details Download Exposure forecasting for seismic risk estimation: Application to Costa Rica Type: Peer-reviewed Year: 2021 This study proposes a framework to forecast the spatial distribution of population and residential buildings for the assessment of future disaster risk. The approach accounts for the number, location, and characteristics of future assets considering sources of aleatory and epistemic uncertainty in several time-dependent variables. The value of the methodology is demonstrated at the urban scale using an earthquake scenario for the Great Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica. Hundreds of trajectories representing future urban growth were generated using geographically weighted regression and multiple-agent systems. These were converted into exposure models featuring the spatial correlation of urban expansion and the densification of the built environment. The forecasted earthquake losses indicate a mean increase in the absolute human and economic losses by 2030. However, the trajectory of relative risk is reducing, suggesting that the long-term enforcement of seismic regulations and urban planning are effectively lowering seismic risk in the case of Costa Rica. Details Download Investment in Disaster Risk Management in Europe Makes Economic Sense Type: Report Year: 2021 The physical, financial, and social impacts of disasters in Europe are growing and will continue to grow unless urgent actions are taken. In the European Union (EU), during the period from 1980 to 2020, natural disasters affected nearly 50 million people and caused on average an economic loss of roughly €12 billion per year (EEA, 2020). The impacts of flood, wildfire, and extreme heat are increasing rapidly, and climate damages could reach €170 billion per year according to conservative estimates for a 3 scenario unless urgent action is taken now (Szewczyk, et al., 2020). Earthquakes, while rare, have a devastating impact on the ageing buildings and infrastructure of Europe that were constructed prior to modern codes; in Bucharest, for example, nearly 90% of the population lives in multifamily buildings with pre-modern building codes3 (Simpson & Markhvida, 2020). Within the EU, the top-five countries with the highest annual average loss to earthquake are Cyprus, Greece, Romania, Bulgaria, and Croatia, and for floods the top-five countries are Romania, Slovenia, Latvia, Bulgaria, and Austria.4 However, disasters do not affect everyone equally: poor, elderly, very young, and marginalized populations are most affected and least able to recover. In Romania, Greece, Croatia, and Bulgaria, for example, the socio-economic resilience of the poor is on average less than 30% of the national average (World Bank, 2020). Moreover, the local and regional administrations in the poorer and more disadvantaged areas have the least capacity to design and implement resilience investments. Details Title Year Type Topic Journal ATLAS 2.0: Ground-shaking intensities at multiple return periods all over the world 2024 Brochure Hazard Quantify Your Earthquake Risk: Expert Solutions from the GEM Foundation 2024 Brochure Products Building a World Resilient to Earthquakes and other Natural Hazards 2024 Brochure GEM Global building exposure model for earthquake risk assessment 2023 Peer-reviewed Exposure Earthquake Spectra Development of a global seismic risk model 2020 Peer-reviewed Risk Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering GEM Strategic Plan and Roadmap to 2030 2022 Brochure GEM Exploring benefit cost analysis to support earthquake risk mitigation in Central America 2022 Peer-reviewed Risk International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction The adolescent years of seismic risk assessment 2022 Peer-reviewed Risk Natural Hazards Exposure forecasting for seismic risk estimation: Application to Costa Rica 2021 Peer-reviewed Exposure Earthquake Spectra Investment in Disaster Risk Management in Europe Makes Economic Sense 2021 Report Physical Risk Significant Seismic Risk Potential From Buried Faults Beneath Almaty City, Kazakhstan, Revealed From High-Resolution Satellite DEMs 2021 Peer-reviewed Risk Earth and Space Science Seismic vulnerability modelling of building portfolios using artificial neural networks 2021 Peer-reviewed Vulnerability Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics Development of a fragility and vulnerability model for global seismic risk analyses 2020 Peer-reviewed Vulnerability Earthquake Spectra A Building Classification System for Multi-hazard Risk Assessment 2022 Peer-reviewed Exposure International Journal of Disaster Risk Science Development of a uniform exposure model for the African continent for use in disaster risk assessment 2022 Peer-reviewed Exposure International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction Guía para profesores para el desarrollo de un curso introductorio de riesgo sísmico 2022 User manual Training Material didáctico para sensibilizar a la comunidad sobre el riesgo sísmico. Aplicación para el Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá (AMVA) 2022 Report TREQ Project Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) Training Manual 2021 User manual Training Evaluación de Riesgo Sísmico para Santiago de los Caballeros 2022 Report TREQ Project Evaluación de Riesgo Sísmico para Santiago de Cali 2022 Report TREQ Project Evaluación de Riesgo Sísmico para el Distrito Metropolitano de Quito 2022 Report TREQ Project Earthquake-induced liquefaction and landslides in Cali, Colombia 2022 Report TREQ Project Scenario selection for representative earthquakes in Quito, Cali and Santiago de los Caballeros 2022 Report TREQ Project Executive summary Urban seismic risk assessment for the cities of Quito, Cali and Santiago de los Caballeros 2022 Report TREQ Project Tipologías constructivas en Quito, Cali and Santiago de los Caballeros 2021 Report TREQ Project Seismic hazard analysis at the urban scale 2021 Report TREQ Project Seismic Hazard Results (rock and soil conditions) 2021 Report TREQ Project Probabilistic seismic hazard model for the Dominican Republic 2022 Report TREQ Project TREQ Executive Summary 2022 Report TREQ Project Modelo Probabilístico de Amenaza Sísmica para la República Dominicana 2022 Report TREQ Project Vulnerability modellers toolkit, an open‑source platform for vulnerability analysis 2021 Peer-reviewed Vulnerability Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering Global Exposure Database for Multi-Hazard Risk Analysis-Multi-hazard Exposure Taxonomy 2018 Report GFDRR-DFID Challenge Funds Project GEM's 2018 global hazard and risk models 2020 Peer-reviewed GEM Earthquake Spectra Potential impact of earthquakes during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic 2020 Peer-reviewed Physical Risk Earthquake Spectra The GEM Global Active Faults Database 2020 Peer-reviewed Hazard Earthquake Spectra The 2018 version of the Global Earthquake Model: Hazard component 2020 Peer-reviewed Hazard Earthquake Spectra Resilience Performance Scorecard - (RPS) Methodology 2017 Report Social Vulnerability Assessing Seismic Hazard and Risk Globally for an Earthquake Resilient World 2019 Report Integrated Risk Extensible Data Schemas for Multiple Hazards, Exposure and Vulnerability Data 2019 Report Exposure Improving Post-Disaster Damage Data Collection to Inform Decision-Making Final Report 2018 Report Armenia Post DRR Project Report on the workshop for the participatory evaluation of earthquake risk and resilience in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2017 Report SSAHARA Project Combining USGS ShakeMaps and the OpenQuake-engine for damage and loss assessment 2019 Peer-reviewed OpenQuake Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics Evaluation of Seismic Risk on UNESCO Cultural Heritage sites in Europe 2018 Peer-reviewed Risk International Journal of Architectural Heritage Development of a Probabilistic Earthquake Loss Model for Iran 2017 Peer-reviewed Risk Earthquake Spectra The Global Earthquake Model Physical Vulnerability Database 2016 Peer-reviewed Vulnerability Earthquake Spectra Critical Issues in Earthquake Scenario Loss Modeling 2016 Peer-reviewed Scenarios Journal of Earthquake Engineering Critical Issues on Probabilistic Earthquake Loss Assessment 2017 Peer-reviewed Risk Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering Assessing Integrated Earthquake Risk in OpenQuake with an Application to Mainland Portugal 2015 Peer-reviewed Risk Earthquake Spectra Exploring the seismic risk of the unreinforced masonry building stock in Antioquia, Colombia 2017 Peer-reviewed Risk Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Development of a Fragility Model for the Residential Building Stock in South America 2016 Peer-reviewed Exposure Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering Modelling the Residential Building Inventory in South America for Seismic Risk Assessment 2017 Peer-reviewed Exposure Earthquake Spectra Assessing the impact of earthquake scenarios in transportation networks: the Portuguese mining factory case study 2017 Peer-reviewed Risk Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering Assessment of earthquake damage considering the characteristics of past events in South America 2017 Peer-reviewed Risk Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Probabilistic Seismic Risk Assessment for Costa Rica 2018 Peer-reviewed Risk Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering Global Geodetic strain rate model 2014 Report Global Components (2009-2013) Global historical earthquake archive and catalogue (1000-1903) 2013 Report Global Components (2009-2013) Guidelines for Analytical Vulnerability Assessment-Low/Mid-Rise 2014 Report Global Components (2009-2013) Guidelines for component-based analytical vulnerability assessment of buildings and nonstructural elements 2014 Report Global Components (2009-2013) Guidelines for Empirical Vulnerability Assessment 2014 Report Global Components (2009-2013) Introduction to the GEM Earthquake Consequences Database (GEMECD) 2014 Report Global Components (2009-2013) ISC-GEM Global instrumental earthquake catalogue (1900-2009) 2012 Report Global Components (2009-2013) User guide Android mobile tool for field data collection 2014 User manual Global Components (2009-2013) User guide Field sampling strategies for estimating building inventories 2014 User manual Global Components (2009-2013) User guide Geospatial tools for building footprint and homogenous zone extraction from imagery 2014 User manual Global Components (2009-2013) User guide Windows tool for field data collection and management 2014 User manual Global Components (2009-2013) A transparent and data-driven global tectonic regionalisation model for seismic hazard assessment 2018 Peer-reviewed Hazard Geophysical Journal International A summary of hazard datasets and guidelines supported by the Global Earthquake Model during the first implementation phase 2015 Peer-reviewed Hazard Annals of Geophysics Appraising the PSHA earthquake source models of Japan, New Zealand, and Taiwan 2016 Peer-reviewed Hazard Seismological Research Letters Assessing global earthquake risks: the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) initiative 2014 Book chapter GEM Assessing seismic hazard of the East African Rift: a pilot study from GEM and AfricaArray 2017 Peer-reviewed Hazard Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering Back to Normal report 2017 Report CSSC Project Beyond Button Pushing report 2017 Report CSSC Project Celebrating achievements and way forward 2013 Brochure GEM Data Interchange Formats for the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) 2010 Report GEM1 Development of the OpenQuake engine, the Global Earthquake Model's open-source software for seismic risk assessment 2013 Peer-reviewed OpenQuake Natural Hazards Earthquake Model for the European-Mediterranean Region for the purpose of GEM1 2010 Report GEM1 End-to-end demonstration of the inventory data capture tools (IDCT) 2014 User manual Global Components (2009-2013) Exploring earthquake databases for the creation of magnitude-homogeneous catalogues: tools for application on a regional and global scale 2016 Peer-reviewed Hazard Geophysical Journal International GEM building taxonomy version 2.0 2013 Report Global Components (2009-2013) GEM IT Review 2010 2013 Report GEM1 GEM-PEER Task 3 Project: Selection of a Global Set of Ground Motion Prediction Equations 2013 Report Global Components (2009-2013) GEM: For a safer and earthquake resilient future (brochure) 2019 Brochure GEM GEM1 Best Practices for Using Macroseismic Intensity and Ground Motion Intensity Conversion Equations for Hazard and Loss Models in GEM1 2010 Report GEM1 GEM1 Executive Summary 2010 Report GEM1 GEM1 Hazard: Description of Input Models, Calculation Engine and Main Results 2010 Report GEM1 GEM1 report on the review of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) software as a basis for development of the OpenQuake Engine 2010 Report GEM1 GEM1 Seismic Risk Report 2010 Report GEM1 GEM1: OpenGEM System Design Document 2010 Report GEM1 Global Exposure Database-Scientific Features 2014 Report Physical Risk Modeling distributed seismicity for probabilistic seismic_hazard analysis: Implementation and insights with the OpenQuake engine 2014 Peer-reviewed Hazard Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America OpenQuake engine manual 2018 User manual OpenQuake OpenQuake engine installation guide 2018 User manual OpenQuake OpenQuake Engine: An Open Hazard (and Risk) Software for the Global Earthquake Model 2014 Peer-reviewed OpenQuake Seismological Research Letters OpenQuake Hazard component testing procedures 2014 Report Hazard OpenQuake Underlying Hazard Science 2014 Report Hazard Selection of ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) for GEM1* 2010 Report GEM1 Sub-Saharan Africa Geodetic Strain Rate Model 1.0 2015 Report Global Components (2009-2013) The GEM Faulted Earth Project 2015 Report Global Components (2009-2013) 1 2 3 4 5 1 ... 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ... 10 Filter by publication type: Book chapter Brochure Peer-reviewed Report User manual Reset

Publications Understanding seismic risk in Santiago de Cali (Colombia) for its application in risk management Share Facebook LinkedIn Download 2025 | Peer-reviewed This study presents the results of the seismic risk assessment for the city of Santiago de Cali (Colombia), a collaborative effort between the Mayor's Office of Santiago de Cali (including the Municipal Planning Office and the Disaster Risk Management Secretariat), the Colombian Geological Survey (SGC), the United States Geological Survey (USGS), EAFIT University and the GEM Foundation. The primary objective was to provide actionable insights for Disaster Risk Management (DRM) across its stages: awareness, risk reduction, and disaster response, and to enable the creation of a risk assessment specifically tailored to the city's needs, ensuring that its results can be effectively integrated into local risk management processes. Early engagement with stakeholders ensured that the models aligned with local needs, facilitating their integration into DRM policies. The seismic risk analysis utilizes the latest hazard model developed for Colombia, advanced non-linear site effects characterization, and a detailed building inventory with local expertise. For the first time, data-driven deterministic and probabilistic seismic risk estimates are presented for the city. The results indicate that destructive events could heavily impact the city, particularly events coming from the Dagua-Calima Fault or Nazca Plate subduction zone. Moreover, probabilistic outcomes show that human casualties and building damage disproportionally affect low-income areas, while almost 50 % of economic losses occur to middle-to high-income areas due to higher asset values. These findings highlight the importance of risk reduction strategies that address simultaneously the physical vulnerability and socio-economic disparities.

Publications Seismic risk assessment for the residential buildings of the three major cities in Colombia: Bogotá, Medellín, and Cali Share Facebook LinkedIn Download 2020 | Peer-reviewed This study presents a seismic risk assessment and a set of earthquake scenarios for the residential building stock of the three largest metropolitan centers of Colombia: Bogotá, Medellín and Cali (with 8.0, 2.5, and 2.4 million inhabitants, respectively). A uniform methodology was followed for the development of the seismic hazard, vulnerability, and exposure models, thus allowing a direct comparison between the seismic risk of the different cities. Risk metrics such as exceedance probability curves and average annual losses were computed for each city. The earthquake scenarios were selected considering events whose direct economic impact is similar to the aggregated loss for a probability of exceedance of 10% in 50 years. Results show a higher mean aggregate loss ratio for Cali and similar mean aggregate loss ratios for Bogotá and Medellín. All of the models used in this study are openly accessible, enabling risk modelers, engineers, and stakeholders to explore them for disaster risk management.

Publications Forecasting seismic risk within the context of the Sendai framework: An application to the Dominican Republic Share Facebook LinkedIn Download 2022 | Peer-reviewed The Sendai Framework proposes recording disaster losses from hazard events between 2015 and 2030 to monitor the progress towards reduction targets to curtail risk worldwide. In the case of earthquakes, relying on losses over 15 years is unlikely to yield sufficient evidence to support risk mitigation strategies. In this study we propose a general methodology to monitor and forecast Sendai indicators. We apply our approach to explore trajectories of probabilistic indicators of mortality (A1) and economic loss (C1) in the form of custom Sendai Indicators for the Dominican Republic. Risk reduction targets, at national and subnational level, are established and tested along with two mitigation strategies: nationwide retrofitting campaign and stronger code-enforcement. The baseline projection indicates that earthquake risk is expected to increase at a national level, with indicators A1 and C1 increasing over 17% and 27%, respectively, in a period of 35 years. At that scale, code enforcement is more effective in meeting the targets of reduced mortality by 2030 and 2050. At the sub-national level, results depend on the risk drivers in each municipality. We provide two cases: in Santiago de los Caballeros, the baseline risk projection suggests that indicators A1 and C1 will increase by more than 18% and 26% by 2050, respectively, while in Distrito Nacional they decrease by almost 5% and 3%, respectively. In the former region, code-enforcement is the most effective measure to meet the risk reduction targets, while for the latter it was found to be the retrofit campaign.

Post Event List PURPOSE The purpose of this page is to provide GEM website visitors, researchers, loss modellers, and emergency and disaster risk reduction professionals with specific downloadable information related to red alert events based on USGS PAGER alerts. GEM promotes the sharing of seismic hazard and risk information with a wide range of stakeholders to enhance understanding of damaging earthquake events. This initiative aims not only to give an overview of the models, data and publications available in areas recently impacted by earthquakes, but also hopes to serve as a resource that can inform future risk reduction strategies. The information provided is intended solely for situational awareness purposes and is not aimed towards driving an official emergency response. Please contact your local authorities for further assistance related to official emergency response services and support. 28th March 2025 M7.7 Sagaing Region, Myammar On 28 March 2025 at 12:50:54 MMT (06:20:54 UTC), a Mw 7.7 earthquake struck the Sagaing Region of Myanmar, with an epicenter close to Mandalay, the country's second largest city. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Sagaing_earthquake USGS PAGER Alert https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000pn9s/pager Related GEM Products Name Description Global Seismic Hazard Map Openly accessible global datasets and plots for peak ground acceleration with a return period of 475 years on rock Southeast Asia Exposure Repository with the inventory of residential, commercial and industrial buildings in Southeast Asia Active Faults Database A repository with global homogenised characteristics of active faults Southeast Asia Hazard OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Southeast Asia Global Seismic Risk Map A milestone in global earthquake risk assessment No content. Related GEM Publications Development of the Earthquake Risk Model for Myanmar Seismic Risk Model for the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region, China-Considering Epistemic Uncertainty from the Seismic Hazard Models Strain partitioning in the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau from kinematic modeling of high-resolution Sentinel-1 InSAR and GNSS A township-level exposure model of residential buildings for mainland China Seismic Risk Model for the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region, China-Considering Epistemic Uncertainty from the Seismic Hazard Models A township-level exposure model of residential buildings for mainland China Appraising the PSHA earthquake source models of Japan, New Zealand, and Taiwan Variable resolution probabilistic modeling of residential exposure and vulnerability for risk applications User guide Android mobile tool for field data collection Earthquake-induced liquefaction and landslides in Cali, Colombia Significant Seismic Risk Potential From Buried Faults Beneath Almaty City, Kazakhstan, Revealed From High-Resolution Satellite DEMs Material didáctico para sensibilizar a la comunidad sobre el riesgo sísmico. Aplicación para el Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá (AMVA) Ranking and developing ground-motion models for Southeastern Africa No content. Other Related Products GEM's country risk profile for Myanmar GEM vulnerability model for Myanmar GEM exposure model for China (admin 1) GEM vulnerability model for China GEM's country risk profile for China GEM exposure model for China (admin 1) GEM vulnerability model for China GEM's country risk profile for China GEM vulnerability model for Japan GEM exposure model for Japan (admin 1) GEM's country risk profile for Japan Japan Seismic Hazard Information Station GEM Earthquake Scenario Database (Japan events) test Other Related Publications Yang et al. (2023) Probabilistic seismic hazard assessments for Myanmar and its metropolitan areas. Geoscience Letters, 10(1), 48 Tun et al. (2017) The Sagaing Fault, Myanmar. In A. J. Barber, K. Zaw, & M. J. Crow (Eds.), Myanmar: Geology, Resources and Tectonics (Vol. 48, p. 0). The Geological Society of London GEM's PSHA input model documentation for SouthEast Asia GEM's PSHA input model documentation for China GEM's PSHA input model documentation for China GEM's PSHA input model documentation for Japan aaa 1234 DISCLAIMER The information and data provided on this page are for informational purposes only. The Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation makes no warranties, expressed or implied, regarding the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of the data. Users are responsible for their own interpretation and use of the information. GEM shall not be liable for any loss, damage, or injury arising from the use of, or reliance on, the information provided on this page. By downloading or utilising the data, users acknowledge and agree to these terms. The information presented on this page is provided by different organisations and governed by different licenses, please check the individual license before use. CONTACT US