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News GEM and NormanMax Partner to Reduce Earthquake Risk By: Jul 9, 2024 Jun 28, 2024 Share Facebook LinkedIn The Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation and NormanMax Insurance Solutions - a global leader in parametric insurance solutions have signed a sponsor agreement to help improve earthquake preparedness, recovery, and risk reduction worldwide. This collaborative effort, spanning from 2024 to 2027, underscores the shared commitment of both organisations to minimising earthquake losses and improving seismic risk assessments around the world. "At GEM, we strive to create open, transparent, and scientifically robust earthquake hazard and risk models. By partnering with NormanMax Insurance Solutions, a leading provider of parametric earthquake insurance solutions, we aim to bridge the gap between cutting-edge science and practical financial protection against the damaging effects of earthquakes around the world”, said Helen Crowley, GEM Secretary General. The agreement acknowledges the importance of a wide range of solutions for mitigating seismic risk, including improved building codes, emergency response plans, land-use planning and financial risk transfer. By supporting GEM's development of open-source software and global hazard and risk models, NormanMax will be contributing to achieving these goals. "NormanMax is deeply committed to supporting innovative solutions that reduce earthquake risk," stated Bradley Meier, CEO of NormanMax Insurance Solutions. "We are proud to partner with the GEM Foundation in their mission to enhance public understanding of seismic hazard and risk and empower communities and businesses with the tools they need to be prepared in the face of potential earthquakes. This aligns with our goal of helping global insureds reduce the protection gap through effective risk transfer products for earthquakes." The GEM and NormanMax partnership highlights the importance of collaboration between scientific and financial sectors in addressing global earthquake risk. Together, our organisations will help advance the development and application of pioneering risk assessment tools and resources, contributing to safer, more resilient communities worldwide. By combining GEM's expertise in seismic modeling with NormanMax's parametric insurance solutions, this alliance promises to set new standards in earthquake preparedness and recovery, ensuring a brighter and more secure future for all. About NormanMax Insurance Solutions NormanMax Insurance Solutions, located in Miami, Florida, is the coverholder for Lloyd’s of London NormanMax Syndicate 3939 utilizing revolutionary insurance technology to provide the best insurance solutions to our clients and provide an unparalleled customer service experience. With unrivaled parametric insurance solutions for hurricanes and earthquakes – and many more parametric solutions on the horizon – NormanMax Insurance Solutions provides clients with peace of mind for challenging natural catastrophes in an ever-hardening insurance marketplace. For more information, visit: https://www.normanmaxinsurancesolutions.com/ No images found. GALLERY 1/1 VIDEO RELATED CONTENTS

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Publications Seismic risk assessment of reinforced concrete buildings in India using cumulative damage index-based vulnerability functions Share Facebook LinkedIn Download 2025 | Peer-reviewed This study proposes a framework to evaluate probabilistic seismic risk of buildings in regions exposed to both crustal and subduction earthquakes. Ground motions from subduction earthquakes are typically longer in duration, causing higher damage to structure due to increased inelastic demand as compared to ground motions from crustal earthquakes having the same peak intensity. The increased vulnerability to structural damage from subduction earthquake ground motions needs to be accounted for in seismic loss assessment studies. This study investigates the same for India. The north and northeast of India are exposed to both crustal and continental subduction seismic sources, and Peninsular India is exposed to crustal seismic sources. Nonlinear analytical models are developed for a set of modern Indian code-compliant reinforced concrete special moment frame buildings located at 20 different sites in India. Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) of building models using spectrally equivalent ground motions from crustal and subduction earthquakes is used for developing tectonic-region-type-specific (crustal and subduction) building vulnerability functions. The cumulative damage index is used as the engineering demand parameter to capture the increased inelastic demand from subduction earthquakes on buildings. For seismic risk assessment, the total seismic hazard at a site is separated into its contribution from crustal and subduction sources and combined with respective building vulnerability functions. The seismic risk of buildings is quantified by average annual loss ratio (AALR) through event-based probabilistic seismic risk analysis. For buildings located in high seismic zones of India, this study finds that AALR can be up to 40% higher on average as compared to studies not accounting for increased building vulnerability from subduction earthquakes.

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News Advancing Seismic Safety: Updates on GEM’s Global Seismic Regulations Database Initiative By: Dec 18, 2024 Dec 4, 2024 Share Facebook LinkedIn The Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation has been working on the Global Seismic Regulations Database and Mapping initiative since March 2024, a collaborative effort to document and analyze seismic design regulations worldwide. With initial studies focused on South America, this activity is already providing valuable insights into how building codes influence earthquake resilience. GEM is inviting public sector organizations, academic institutions, and technical experts to contribute data and join the effort to improve seismic safety globally. Progress to Date GEM’s initial focus has been on understanding the history and impact of seismic design regulations in seven South American countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. These efforts have revealed critical information about the evolution of building codes in these nations, the changes they introduced to structural design, and their representation in the current building stock, as reflected in the distribution of buildings across seismic code levels, ranging from lower to higher standards. The findings reveal that approximately only 20% of the total building stock - and 55% of reinforced concrete buildings - in these countries were constructed under some level of seismic design regulation. Key Highlights: Chile : A regional leader in seismic code development, Chile was the first country to incorporate seismic design considerations in the 30s and has maintained robust modern regulations since the 70s, establishing itself as one of the most prepared nations in the region. Venezuela and Ecuador : The development of seismic codes in Venezuela has followed a trajectory similar to that of Chile, making it one of the first countries in the region to introduce seismic regulations, with Ecuador following closely behind. The transitions between low, moderate, and high code levels in both countries have been closely aligned with global advancements in seismic standards. However, compared to Chile, both countries are estimated to have lower levels of code enforcement. Notably, Ecuador has a significantly higher percentage of its building stock constructed under some level of seismic design regulation compared to Venezuela. Nevertheless, Venezuela has a larger total number of buildings than Ecuador. Bolivia : Bolivia was the last country in South America to introduce a mandatory seismic design code. As a result, it has the highest percentage of buildings among the analysed countries that do not comply with any seismic regulation. Colombia: Colombia's first mandatory seismic code was introduced after the 1980s, reflecting the design standard advancements of that era. Consequently, a significant portion of Colombia's building stock constructed after the 1980s is classified under moderate and high seismic design levels. However, due to the relatively recent introduction of its first code, a considerable percentage of the inventory consists of buildings that do not comply with the country's seismic regulations. Peru and Argentina: Both countries implemented their first seismic design regulations in 1970, and they exhibit similar levels of code enforcement. However, in Peru, a higher percentage of the total building stock has been constructed under some level of seismic design regulation compared to Argentina. By linking building stock to seismic code levels - ranging from no design to high code considerations - GEM has created models that represent the percentage of buildings constructed under different standards’ levels. Structures classified as “no code” are particularly vulnerable, often lacking essential provisions to resist seismic forces. In contrast, those built under “high code” standards are designed to perform adequately during ground shaking. These models not only provide a more comprehensive input for seismic risk assessments but also serve as valuable tools for understanding the critical role of robust construction practices in saving lives, reducing economic losses, and enhancing community resilience against earthquake risks. What’s Next The next phase of the initiative will expand to additional regions and countries and refine existing models with more detailed data. GEM also plans to continuously update the database, also in collaboration with GEM associate partner UNESCO, to reflect new regulations, ensuring it remains a dynamic and reliable resource for engineers, urban planners, and policymakers. These efforts aim to promote safer construction practices and support the development of risk-reduction strategies worldwide. A Call to Collaborate This initiative highlights the importance of understanding and implementing seismic regulations as a key part of protecting communities from earthquake risks. GEM invites public sector partners, academics, and private organisations to contribute to this growing resource or explore opportunities to collaborate as sponsors or technical partners. Together, we can expand the reach of this vital work and help ensure that vulnerable communities are better prepared. For more information or to discuss partnership opportunities, visit GEM's seismic regulations page: https://www.globalquakemodel.org/national-seismic-regulations . No images found. GALLERY 1/3 VIDEO RELATED CONTENTS

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News Why support GEM – perspectives from GEM current and prospective sponsors and partners By: Jul 2, 2018 Share Facebook LinkedIn Sponsors and collaborators from governments, insurance/reinsurance sectors, catastrophe modelers and insurance brokers gathered on November 29 for this year’s Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Partners Workshop to share the impact of GEM and its products and services to their programs and business practices. OpenQuake – a public standard for seismic hazard and risk assessment Daniela Di Bucci, presenting on behalf of the Scientific Advisory Unit of the Department of Civil Protection (INGV) – a public sponsor since 2009, said that the use of GEM OpenQuake software for Civil Protection purposes in Italy is a well-established practice in the seismic risk assessment field. In similar fashion, Canada represented by Phil Hill of Natural Resources Canada, uses GEM OpenQuake models to assess seismic risk and to inform disaster risk reduction (DRR) planning in British Columbia as well as for updating their National Seismic Hazard model of 2015. GNS Science New Zealand representative Kelvin Berryman, who has participated in GEM key events since 2006 – the year the GEM idea was born – acknowledged that GEM has much more to offer now than before, citing GEM’s successful development of a 21st century seismic risk assessment software – OpenQuake, and addressing the challenges of global database standards for risk assessment. GFZ/Germany representative Graeme Weatherill quoted the application of OQ in Central Asia (EMCA) and for the Dead Sea region. He further added that OQ forms an integral part of GFZ/UNESCO training courses on seismic hazard and risk. BGS/UK’s John Rees stated widespread use of OQ and GEM products across UK institutions. In Nepal, NSET representative Surya Shrestha shared that they have successfully used GEM's RPS-resilience performance scorecard method to educate local communities in disaster risk reduction planning at municipal level. NSET also used OpenQuake for national hazard and risk modeling. Closing the protection gap: GEM and private sector partnerships Leading insurers and reinsurers of the world, Hannover Re and Zurich, echoed the same perspective. More than the software benefits, Hannover Re representative Jörg Steffensen points out that Hannover Re’s partnership with GEM, which now spans almost a decade, has expanded in-house expertise on earthquake risk and strengthened their overall internal and external risk management processes, contributing to better client services. Zurich’s Claudio Boettcher underscored that working with GEM is not only good for humanity but for business as well. Zurich is one of the first key private sponsors that boldly invested significant funds for GEM’s work programs on seismic hazard and risk assessment in order to develop more understanding of earthquake impacts and to promote better management of the risk. FM Global’s Hosam Ali introduced their work on using OQ for China and improving the software in general. OYO Corporation’s Nobuhiko Toyama described their use of OQ for client services, including OQ training and translating the manual into Japanese to reach more stakeholders. E DF’s Gloria Senfaute commented that OQ qualifies as the best choice when moving to probabilistic models for NPP regulation. Openness and transparency Insurance brokers Aon-Benfield, Guy Carpenter and Willis Towers Watson (GEM work program 1 sponsor) all agreed that GEM’s approach to risk assessment and model development is trail blazing and a game-changer because of OQ’s transparency and replicability. Adam Podlaha, Head of Aon-Benfield’s Impact Forecasting, adds that the GEM brand carries a lot of weight because of its scientific credibility. Internationally acknowledged Capping the 1-day event, the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) urged GEM to bring collective experience to address the challenges that UNISDR have to navigate over the next 20 years in understanding inter-dependencies in the risk landscape. Marc Gordon, representing UNISDR at the event, appealed to GEM to become a central part of determining how to move forward in bringing expertise, data and knowledge together to guide international risk management policy. The GEM Partners Workshop is held twice a year with the objective of bringing partners together to gather feedback on GEM products, services and activities. No images found. GALLERY 1/0 VIDEO RELATED CONTENTS