News Scientific Symposium Unveils Albania's Updated National Seismic Hazard Model By: Jul 25, 2024 Jul 25, 2024 Share Facebook LinkedIn Tirana, Albania - July 16, 2024 . The Seismology Department of the Institute of Geosciences at the Polytechnic University of Albania recently hosted a scientific symposium at the Tirana International Hotel to present the updated National Seismic Hazard Model of Albania for 2024. This event marks a significant milestone in Albania's efforts to enhance earthquake resilience and modernise its seismic hazard assessments. The updated model results from a collaborative effort between the Institute of Geosciences (IGEO) and the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation, developed over a year with funding from the Central European Initiative ( https://www.cei.int/ ) and the Albanian Electricity Corporation ( https://kesh.al/en/ ). The project involved technical workshops aimed at refining Albania’s probabilistic seismic hazard model, held in Pavia, Italy. "We provided support to IGEO in their effort to update their national seismic hazard model. Overall the collaboration was very positive. The new model developed is an important milestone in Albania’s effort to update their national building code. We are very proud of this collaboration, the possibility of contributing to enhance Albania’s resilience to earthquakes and grateful to the organisations that provided support to this initiative." – Marco Pagani, Head of Seismic Hazards, GEM. The event brought together experts and stakeholders from academia, and government agencies including members from the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation Hazard Team (Marco Pagani and Kirsty Bayliss, Seismic Hazard Scientist), to present and discuss the new model. Anila Xhahysa, Structural Engineer and Head of the Seismology Department at IGEO, led the presentation covering key topics: probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) and the OpenQuake Engine; updated datasets for seismic hazard evaluation; ground motion characterisation; new methodologies incorporated into the hazard update; and the resulting assessment. Marco Pagani presented on "Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) and the OpenQuake Engine," detailing the methodologies and software used in the model update. GEM also presented on “Seismic Risk: Needs, Datasets, Platform, and Future Perspectives,” offering a comprehensive overview of the challenges and opportunities in seismic risk assessment. The collaboration between GEM and IGEO has been essential in enhancing Albania’s seismic hazard modeling capabilities. By leveraging GEM’s advanced methodologies and tools, particularly the OpenQuake Engine, IGEO has enhanced its ability to independently create, update, and refine seismic hazard models. This partnership supports the adoption of Eurocode 8 standards, promoting earthquake-resistant construction practices. The updated seismic hazard model is expected to improve public and private sector strategies for seismic risk reduction, enhance emergency response planning, and contribute to the modernisation of seismic hazard modeling in Albania. Anila Xhahysa expressed her optimism that this project will serve as a model for other government agencies in Albania, encouraging a move towards more open and robust hazard modeling frameworks. "This project marks a transformative step in Albania’s seismic hazard modelling. The collaboration with GEM has encouraged us to move towards more open and robust hazard modeling frameworks, ensuring better earthquake preparedness and resilience. We hope this experience serves as a blueprint for future government initiatives in disaster risk resilience and other sectors." - Anila Xhahysa, Structural Engineer and Head of the Seismology Department at IGEO. The event concluded with a vision of continued collaboration and development of future seismic risk models to further strengthen Albania’s resilience against earthquakes. Related Content ALBANIA HAZARD MODELLING - Joint development of the Albanian seismic hazard model project page ( https://www.globalquakemodel.org/proj/albania-hazard-modelling ) Albania’s Institute of Geosciences (IGEO) and GEM collaborate to update the national seismic hazard model ( https://www.globalquakemodel.org/GEMNews/albania-national-seismic-hazard-model-1stworkshop-jan-2023 ) No images found. GALLERY 1/16 Photo credit: IGEO-Albania VIDEO RELATED CONTENTS

News GEM and Willis renew partnership By: Aug 30, 2021 Share Facebook LinkedIn GEM is pleased to announce that Willis Towers Watson (WTW) has renewed its partnership agreement with GEM. The agreement is a commitment to work together to develop and promote better understanding of earthquake risk through research and application of science. Willis Towers Watson was a founding member and sponsor in GEM’s first working program from 2009 to 2013 and then rejoined from July 2018 for a period of three years. The new agreement will run until mid-2024. Both organizations are also working together on a Disaster Risk Transfer Facility project by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Region (CAREC). Hélène Galy, Head of Willis Research Network (WRN), says, “We look forward to continuing the successful collaboration with GEM that started over a decade ago, as GEM’s work on earthquake hazard, vulnerability and exposure has been key to enhance earthquake loss assessment across the world, and to credibly develop alternative views of risk to vendor models. GEM also provides an excellent example of strong leadership, governance and management for the long-term development and curation of global models”. Over the last 15 years, the Willis Research Network has created partnerships with public science globally to develop practical, applied research that delivers innovative insights on risk and resilience and supports decision-making. “We are very pleased to have Willis Towers Watson renew its GEM sponsorship. Our relationship has really strengthened over the past three years, with WTW highlighting GEM research and applications through the WRN, making good use of our software and models, and providing valuable feedback to our scientists and engineers. We look forward to another three years of close collaboration,” John Schneider, GEM Secretary General. For more information about Willis Research Network, visit . No images found. GALLERY 1/0 Gallery VIDEO RELATED CONTENTS

News Round up of GEM events (2017 Jan-Feb) By: Jul 2, 2018 Share Facebook LinkedIn During the last two months, GEM participated in a number of events in various countries. Here’s a list of GEM’s participation to some notable gatherings.- Risk assessment for Costa Rica at the Cruz Roja CRC workshop: Building a collaboration network across Central America.- Short training workshop on earthquake risk with CIGIDEN after the 16th WCEE in Santiago, Chile- Introduction of GEM to the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB) to explore synergies in 2017- CAT Risk Management and Modeling Europe 2017 held in London, United Kingdom from 1-2 March 2017Featured Event- European Conference on Earthquake Engineering (ECEE). The next European Conference on Earthquake Engineering will take place from 18-21 June 2018 in the beautiful city of Thessaloniki, Greece. The purpose of the Conference is to provide a platform to present and discuss the recent progress on Earthquake Engineering along with priority issues of global importance in seismic risk reduction, preparedness and management. Make sure to submit your abstract before the 31st May 2017 deadline! More information can be found at http://www.16ecee.org/ . See you there! No images found. GALLERY 1/0 VIDEO RELATED CONTENTS

Publications Development of a global seismic risk model Share Facebook LinkedIn Download 2020 | Peer-reviewed The Development of a Global Seismic Risk Model was a mammoth undertaking that involved hundreds of people and for the first time presented a detailed view of seismic risk at the global scale. For some developing countries, this was the first time that a seismic risk map was produced, and the associated country profiles are being used by the local authorities.

News 15 Years of GEM: Transforming the Latest Science into Action for a Safer World By: Mar 27, 2024 Mar 9, 2024 Share Facebook LinkedIn March 9, 2024. Pavia, Italy. "Fifteen years ago, the GEM Foundation embarked on a visionary journey – to equip communities worldwide with the knowledge and tools needed to understand and reduce earthquake risks, building a safer future. We would like to express deep gratitude to our past leaders, remarkable team, local partners, and supporters for working together with us on the assessment of global seismic risk. Pioneering open-source tools and fostering global collaboration, we have supported communities around the world in making informed decisions and building earthquake resilience." - Helen Crowley, GEM Secretary General. Building a Foundation for Global Resilience Since its inception in 2009, the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation has been at the forefront of seismic risk reduction efforts worldwide. With a mission to enhance understanding and resilience against earthquakes and other natural hazards, GEM has catalysed transformative change through its collaborative approach and innovative solutions. In the coming years, the organisation further plans to expand its focus to include secondary hazards often triggered by earthquakes, such as liquefaction and landslides, and to work closely with neighbouring communities including the Global Tsunami Model. These advances demonstrate GEM's commitment to increasing global resilience to natural hazards through continuous scientific improvements and collaborations. A GEM Timeline! #GEM15 : 15 Years of Advancing Earthquake Resilience! Messages from present and past leaders The development of the ‘Global Earthquake Model’, a comprehensive collaborative framework for assessing earthquake hazard and risk, has led to the mosaic of global seismic hazard and risk models, providing stakeholders with a standardised approach to evaluate earthquake risks at a global scale. This collaborative approach, bringing together a diverse array of stakeholders, including scientists, engineers, decision-makers, and communities, has promoted a culture of open collaboration and knowledge sharing. This has led to the development of ground-breaking open-source tools, such as the OpenQuake Engine, and open data, such as the Global Seismic Hazard and Risk Maps, empowering stakeholders with the resources needed to assess and mitigate earthquake risk effectively. Strengthening Communities Through Strategic Initiatives From regional and national hazard and risk assessments in South America, Central America and the Caribbean, Europe, Africa, Middle East and Central Asia, South Asia, Southeast and East Asia, the Pacific and Oceania, to capacity-building workshops reaching over 1,500 participants worldwide, GEM has played a crucial role in equipping communities and decision-makers with the knowledge and tools necessary for effective earthquake risk assessment and mitigation. This dedication is further recognised by Ms. Paola Albrito, Acting Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Disaster Risk Reduction and Director of UNDRR, who stated, “We congratulate GEM on its 15th anniversary and thank it for its pioneering work in helping countries understand and act on the risk of earthquakes.” UNDRR Preventionweb recently collaborated to promote over 200 GEM country seismic risk profiles on Preventionweb portal. (see related article here ) Towards a Safer Tomorrow: GEM's Ongoing Initiatives and Innovations As GEM looks towards the future, it remains steadfast in its commitment to advancing and applying the science of seismic risk reduction (watch: GEM's Vision for a Resilient Future: Insights from Helen Crowley), addressing emerging issues ranging from rapid urbanisation to the optimal use of Artificial Intelligence, through continued collaboration, innovation, and capacity building initiatives. GEM seeks to equip communities to build a safer and more resilient future, prioritising inclusivity and accessibility to ensure its resources reach those who need them most, especially in vulnerable regions. Here's to the next 15 years and beyond, as we strive towards a safer, more resilient world, together. Join us in building a safer future. Visit our website to learn more and get involved: www.globalquakemodel.org No images found. GALLERY 1/0 VIDEO RELATED CONTENTS

News Global Parametrics joins GEM to develop open earthquake models for use in catastrophe modelling By: Oct 7, 2019 Share Facebook LinkedIn GEM welcomes Global Parametrics (GP) as Advisor Sponsor. GP is an innovative insurance solutions provider and risk manager with a focus on developing countries and underserved sectors. Launched in July of 2016 with support from Germany’s KfW via the InsuResilience Investment Fund, and the UK's Department for International Development, Global Parametrics aims to redefine the market for disaster preparedness and response through alternative risk transfer, emerging market finance, climate and seismic modelling, asset management, startups and public-private partnerships. “GEM is happy to collaborate with Global Parametrics because of our shared interest and commitment to use open data and transparent earthquake risk analysis tools such as GEM’s OpenQuake engine, to develop financial and insurance products to help small and micro financial institutions in times of disasters,'' John Schneider, GEM Secretary General. Global Parametrics CEO, Hector Ibarra was one of the guest speakers during the launch of GEM’s Global Earthquake Hazard and Risk maps in December 2018 in Pavia, Italy. He presented an overview of Global Parametrics’ vision and current work program. “We are proud to be part of the GEM family. We believe that our collaboration to develop open models and to promote transparency in risk assessment can broaden our reach and help address the insurance protection gap in developing countries as well as provide more security to institutions, risk aggregators and SMEs (small and medium enterprises) that provide services to poor and vulnerable populations in emerging markets,” Hector Ibarra, CEO Global Parametrics. About Global Parametrics GP is an innovative public-private approach that secures early access to capital and timely financing when disaster strikes. It designs and deploys structured financial solutions for institutional clients in emerging markets. The provision of these services contributes to a virtuous circle of more resilient businesses, communities and economies. Global Parametrics is supported by leading players in the public and private sectors. The first seed investments were provided by KfW’s InsuResilience Investment Fund and the UK’s Department for International Development. No images found. GALLERY 1/0 VIDEO RELATED CONTENTS

OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for South Africa Project Name Products South Africa Hazard OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for South Africa Share Facebook LinkedIn Description The initial version of the model was developed by scientists from the Council for Geoscience, South Africa and the Indian Institute of Technology, Jammu, India. The model is described by Midzi et al. (2019). The seismic source model was developed using a newly updated catalogue and consists of zones of distributed seismicity, while the ground motion logic tree consists of two existing ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) derived for the active shallow crust. The model was originally created for the OpenQuake engine. The latest openly available version is v2018.0.2. Since the original version, several updates were made to the model by the GEM hazard team, leading to the latest release (v2018.1.0), which was used in the computation of the 2023 Global Earthquake Hazard and Risk Maps. Among other important improvements, this model extends the minimum magnitude of events for crustal distributed seismicity and updates the GMPEs used for more recent ones. How to cite this work Midzi, V., Manzunzu, B., Mulabisana, T., Zulu, B.S., Pule, T., and Myendeki, S. (2019) Probabilistic seismic hazard maps for South Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences, Volume 162, February 2020 Available Versions The latest version (v2018.1.0) is available for direct download under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license. Users interested in this version can click the "Open Version Download" button in the right panel to access the information. If your use case does not comply with the license terms, a license can be requested by clicking on the "License Request", where a specific agreement will be provided, depending on the use case. License information The open version is available under a Creative Commons CC BY-SA 4.0 license, which requires: *Attribution (you must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made) *ShareAlike (derivatives created must be made available under the same license as the original) Any deviation from these terms incur in license infringement and requires a license agreement that must be made tailored to your use case, in such instance please click on "License Request". 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Risk Profile Andorra Risk Profile Angola Risk Profile Anguilla Risk Profile Antigua and Barbuda Risk Profile Arabia Risk Profile Argentina Risk Profile Armenia Risk Profile Aruba Risk Profile Australia Risk Profile Austria Risk Profile Azerbaijan Risk Profile Bahamas Risk Profile Bahrain Risk Profile Bangladesh Risk Profile Barbados Risk Profile Belarus Risk Profile Belgium Risk Profile Belize Risk Profile Benin Risk Profile Bhutan Risk Profile Bolivia Risk Profile Bosnia and Herzegovina Risk Profile Botswana Risk Profile Brazil Risk Profile British Virgin Islands Risk Profile Brunei Risk Profile Bulgaria Risk Profile Burkina Faso Risk Profile Burundi Risk Profile Cambodia Risk Profile Cameroon Risk Profile Canada Risk Profile Cape Verde Risk Profile Caribbean Central America Risk Profile Cayman Islands Risk Profile Central African Republic Risk Profile Central Asia Risk Profile Chad Risk Profile Chile Risk Profile China Risk Profile Colombia Risk Profile Comoros Risk Profile Congo Risk Profile Conterminous US Risk Profile Cook Islands Risk Profile Costa Rica Risk Profile Croatia Risk Profile Cuba Risk Profile Cyprus Risk Profile Czechia Risk Profile Democratic Republic of the Congo Risk Profile Denmark Risk Profile Djibouti Risk Profile Dominica Risk Profile Dominican Republic Risk Profile East Asia Risk Profile Ecuador Risk Profile Egypt Risk Profile El Salvador Risk Profile Equatorial Guinea Risk Profile Eritrea Risk Profile Estonia Risk Profile Eswatini Risk Profile Ethiopia Risk Profile Europe Risk Profile Fiji Risk Profile Finland Risk Profile France Risk Profile French Guiana Risk Profile Gabon Risk Profile Gambia Risk Profile Georgia Risk Profile Germany Risk Profile Ghana Risk Profile Gibraltar Risk Profile Greece Risk Profile Grenada Risk Profile Guadeloupe Risk Profile Guam Risk Profile Guatemala Risk Profile Guinea Risk Profile Guinea Bissau Risk Profile Guyana Risk Profile Haiti Risk Profile Hawaii Risk Profile Honduras Risk Profile Hong Kong Risk Profile Hungary Risk Profile Iceland Risk Profile India Risk Profile Indonesia Risk Profile Iran Risk Profile Iraq Risk Profile Ireland Risk Profile Isle of Man Risk Profile Israel Risk Profile Italy Risk Profile Ivory Coast Risk Profile Jamaica Risk Profile Japan Risk Profile Jordan Risk Profile Kazakhstan Risk Profile Kenya Risk Profile Kiribati Risk Profile Kosovo Risk Profile Kuwait Risk Profile Kyrgyzstan Risk Profile Laos Risk Profile Latvia Risk Profile Lebanon Risk Profile Lesotho Risk Profile Liberia Risk Profile Libya Risk Profile Liechtenstein Risk Profile Lithuania Risk Profile Luxembourg Risk Profile Macao Risk Profile Madagascar Risk Profile Malawi Risk Profile Malaysia Risk Profile Mali Risk Profile Malta Risk Profile Marshall Islands Risk Profile Martinique Risk Profile Mauritania Risk Profile Mauritius Risk Profile Mexico Risk Profile Micronesia Risk Profile Middle East Risk Profile Moldova Risk Profile Monaco Risk Profile Mongolia Risk Profile Montenegro Risk Profile Montserrat Risk Profile Morocco Risk Profile Mozambique Risk Profile Myanmar Risk Profile Namibia Risk Profile Nauru Risk Profile Nepal Risk Profile Netherlands Risk Profile New Caledonia Risk Profile New Zealand Risk Profile Nicaragua Risk Profile Niger Risk Profile Nigeria Risk Profile Niue Risk Profile North Africa Risk Profile North America Risk Profile North Asia Risk Profile North Korea Risk Profile North Macedonia Risk Profile North and South Korea Risk Profile Northeast Asia Risk Profile Northern Mariana Islands Risk Profile Northwest Asia Risk Profile Norway Risk Profile Oceania Risk Profile Oman Risk Profile Pacific Islands Risk Profile Pakistan Risk Profile Palau Risk Profile Palestine Risk Profile Panama Risk Profile Papua New Guinea Risk Profile Paraguay Risk Profile Peru Risk Profile Philippines Risk Profile Poland Risk Profile Portugal Risk Profile Puerto Rico Risk Profile Qatar Risk Profile Romania Risk Profile Russia Risk Profile Rwanda Risk Profile Saint Kitts and Nevis Risk Profile Saint Lucia Risk Profile Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Risk Profile Samoa Risk Profile Sao Tome and Principe Risk Profile Saudi Arabia Risk Profile Senegal Risk Profile Serbia Risk Profile Seychelles Risk Profile Sierra Leone Risk Profile Singapore Risk Profile Slovakia Risk Profile Slovenia Risk Profile Solomon Islands Risk Profile Somalia Risk Profile South Africa Risk Profile South America Risk Profile South Asia Risk Profile South Korea Risk Profile Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Exposure Africa Exposure Alaska Exposure Albania Exposure Algeria Exposure American Samoa Exposure Andorra Exposure Angola Exposure Anguilla Exposure Antigua and Barbuda Exposure Arabia Exposure Argentina Exposure Armenia Exposure Aruba Exposure Australia Exposure Austria Exposure Azerbaijan Exposure Bahamas Exposure Bahrain Exposure Bangladesh Exposure Barbados Exposure Belarus Exposure Belgium Exposure Belize Exposure Benin Exposure Bhutan Exposure Bolivia Exposure Bosnia and Herzegovina Exposure Botswana Exposure Brazil Exposure British Virgin Islands Exposure Brunei Exposure Bulgaria Exposure Burkina Faso Exposure Burundi Exposure Cambodia Exposure Cameroon Exposure Canada Exposure Cape Verde Exposure Caribbean Central America Exposure Cayman Islands Exposure Central African Republic Exposure Central Asia Exposure Chad Exposure Chile Exposure China Exposure Colombia Exposure Comoros Exposure Congo Exposure Conterminous US Exposure Cook Islands Exposure Costa Rica Exposure Croatia Exposure Cuba Exposure Cyprus Exposure Czechia Exposure Democratic Republic of the Congo Exposure Denmark Exposure Djibouti Exposure Dominica Exposure Dominican Republic Exposure East Asia Exposure Ecuador Exposure Egypt Exposure El Salvador Exposure Equatorial Guinea Exposure Eritrea Exposure Estonia Exposure Eswatini Exposure Ethiopia Exposure Europe Exposure Fiji Exposure Finland Exposure France Exposure French Guiana Exposure Gabon Exposure Gambia Exposure Georgia Exposure Germany Exposure Ghana Exposure Gibraltar Exposure Greece Exposure Grenada Exposure Guadeloupe Exposure Guam Exposure Guatemala Exposure Guinea Exposure Guinea Bissau Exposure Guyana Exposure Haiti Exposure Hawaii Exposure Honduras Exposure Hong Kong Exposure Hungary Exposure Iceland Exposure India Exposure Indonesia Exposure Iran Exposure Iraq Exposure Ireland Exposure Isle of Man Exposure Israel Exposure Italy Exposure Ivory Coast Exposure Jamaica Exposure Japan Exposure Jordan Exposure Kazakhstan Exposure Kenya Exposure Kiribati Exposure Kosovo Exposure Kuwait Exposure Kyrgyzstan Exposure Laos Exposure Latvia Exposure Lebanon Exposure Lesotho Exposure Liberia Exposure Libya Exposure Liechtenstein Exposure Lithuania Exposure Luxembourg Exposure Macao Exposure Madagascar Exposure Malawi Exposure Malaysia Exposure Mali Exposure Malta Exposure Marshall Islands Exposure Martinique Exposure Mauritania Exposure Mauritius Exposure Mexico Exposure Micronesia Exposure Middle East Exposure Moldova Exposure Monaco Exposure Mongolia Exposure Montenegro Exposure Montserrat Exposure Morocco Exposure Mozambique Exposure Myanmar Exposure Namibia Exposure Nauru Exposure Nepal Exposure Netherlands Exposure New Caledonia Exposure New Zealand Exposure Nicaragua Exposure Niger Exposure Nigeria Exposure Niue Exposure North Africa Exposure North America Exposure North Asia Exposure North Korea Exposure North Macedonia Exposure North and South Korea Exposure Northeast Asia Exposure Northern Mariana Islands Exposure Northwest Asia Exposure Norway Exposure Oceania Exposure Oman Exposure Pacific Islands Exposure Pakistan Exposure Palau Exposure Palestine Exposure Panama Exposure Papua New Guinea Exposure Paraguay Exposure Peru Exposure Philippines Exposure Poland Exposure Portugal Exposure Puerto Rico Exposure Qatar Exposure Romania Exposure Russia Exposure Rwanda Exposure Saint Kitts and Nevis Exposure Saint Lucia Exposure Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Exposure Samoa Exposure Sao Tome and Principe Exposure Saudi Arabia Exposure Senegal Exposure Serbia Exposure Seychelles Exposure Sierra Leone Exposure Singapore Exposure Slovakia Exposure Slovenia Exposure Solomon Islands Exposure Somalia Exposure South Africa Exposure South America Exposure South Asia Exposure South Korea Exposure Preview Preview is not available. Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Vulnerability Africa Vulnerability Alaska Vulnerability Albania Vulnerability Algeria Vulnerability American Samoa Vulnerability Andorra Vulnerability Angola Vulnerability Anguilla Vulnerability Antigua and Barbuda Vulnerability Arabia Vulnerability Argentina Vulnerability Armenia Vulnerability Aruba Vulnerability Australia Vulnerability Austria Vulnerability Azerbaijan Vulnerability Bahamas Vulnerability Bahrain Vulnerability Bangladesh Vulnerability Barbados Vulnerability Belarus Vulnerability Belgium Vulnerability Belize Vulnerability Benin Vulnerability Bhutan Vulnerability Bolivia Vulnerability Bosnia and Herzegovina Vulnerability Botswana Vulnerability Brazil Vulnerability British Virgin Islands Vulnerability Brunei Vulnerability Bulgaria Vulnerability Burkina Faso Vulnerability Burundi Vulnerability Cambodia Vulnerability Cameroon Vulnerability Canada Vulnerability Cape Verde Vulnerability Caribbean Central America Vulnerability Cayman Islands Vulnerability Central African Republic Vulnerability Central Asia Vulnerability Chad Vulnerability Chile Vulnerability China Vulnerability Colombia Vulnerability Comoros Vulnerability Congo Vulnerability Conterminous US Vulnerability Cook Islands Vulnerability Costa Rica Vulnerability Croatia Vulnerability Cuba Vulnerability Cyprus Vulnerability Czechia Vulnerability Democratic Republic of the Congo Vulnerability Denmark Vulnerability Djibouti Vulnerability Dominica Vulnerability Dominican Republic Vulnerability East Asia Vulnerability Ecuador Vulnerability Egypt Vulnerability El Salvador Vulnerability Equatorial Guinea Vulnerability Eritrea Vulnerability Estonia Vulnerability Eswatini Vulnerability Ethiopia Vulnerability Europe Vulnerability Fiji Vulnerability Finland Vulnerability France Vulnerability French Guiana Vulnerability Gabon Vulnerability Gambia Vulnerability Georgia Vulnerability Germany Vulnerability Ghana Vulnerability Gibraltar Vulnerability Greece Vulnerability Grenada Vulnerability Guadeloupe Vulnerability Guam Vulnerability Guatemala Vulnerability Guinea Vulnerability Guinea Bissau Vulnerability Guyana Vulnerability Haiti Vulnerability Hawaii Vulnerability Honduras Vulnerability Hong Kong Vulnerability Hungary Vulnerability Iceland Vulnerability India Vulnerability Indonesia Vulnerability Iran Vulnerability Iraq Vulnerability Ireland Vulnerability Isle of Man Vulnerability Israel Vulnerability Italy Vulnerability Ivory Coast Vulnerability Jamaica Vulnerability Japan Vulnerability Jordan Vulnerability Kazakhstan Vulnerability Kenya Vulnerability Kiribati Vulnerability Kosovo Vulnerability Kuwait Vulnerability Kyrgyzstan Vulnerability Laos Vulnerability Latvia Vulnerability Lebanon Vulnerability Lesotho Vulnerability Liberia Vulnerability Libya Vulnerability Liechtenstein Vulnerability Lithuania Vulnerability Luxembourg Vulnerability Macao Vulnerability Madagascar Vulnerability Malawi Vulnerability Malaysia Vulnerability Mali Vulnerability Malta Vulnerability Marshall Islands Vulnerability Martinique Vulnerability Mauritania Vulnerability Mauritius Vulnerability Mexico Vulnerability Micronesia Vulnerability Middle East Vulnerability Moldova Vulnerability Monaco Vulnerability Mongolia Vulnerability Montenegro Vulnerability Montserrat Vulnerability Morocco Vulnerability Mozambique Vulnerability Myanmar Vulnerability Namibia Vulnerability Nauru Vulnerability Nepal Vulnerability Netherlands Vulnerability New Caledonia Vulnerability New Zealand Vulnerability Nicaragua Vulnerability Niger Vulnerability Nigeria Vulnerability Niue Vulnerability North Africa Vulnerability North America Vulnerability North Asia Vulnerability North Korea Vulnerability North Macedonia Vulnerability North and South Korea Vulnerability Northeast Asia Vulnerability Northern Mariana Islands Vulnerability Northwest Asia Vulnerability Norway Vulnerability Oceania Vulnerability Oman Vulnerability Pacific Islands Vulnerability Pakistan Vulnerability Palau Vulnerability Palestine Vulnerability Panama Vulnerability Papua New Guinea Vulnerability Paraguay Vulnerability Peru Vulnerability Philippines Vulnerability Poland Vulnerability Portugal Vulnerability Puerto Rico Vulnerability Qatar Vulnerability Romania Vulnerability Russia Vulnerability Rwanda Vulnerability Saint Kitts and Nevis Vulnerability Saint Lucia Vulnerability Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Vulnerability Samoa Vulnerability Sao Tome and Principe Vulnerability Saudi Arabia Vulnerability Senegal Vulnerability Serbia Vulnerability Seychelles Vulnerability Sierra Leone Vulnerability Singapore Vulnerability Slovakia Vulnerability Slovenia Vulnerability Solomon Islands Vulnerability Somalia Vulnerability South Africa Vulnerability South America Vulnerability South Asia Vulnerability South Korea Vulnerability Preview Preview is not available. Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Risk Profile Africa Risk Profile Alaska Risk Profile Albania Risk Profile Algeria Risk Profile American Samoa Risk Profile Andorra Risk Profile Angola Risk Profile Anguilla Risk Profile Antigua and Barbuda Risk Profile Arabia Risk Profile Argentina Risk Profile Armenia Risk Profile Aruba Risk Profile Australia Risk Profile Austria Risk Profile Azerbaijan Risk Profile Bahamas Risk Profile Bahrain Risk Profile Bangladesh Risk Profile Barbados Risk Profile Belarus Risk Profile Belgium Risk Profile Belize Risk Profile Benin Risk Profile Bhutan Risk Profile Bolivia Risk Profile Bosnia and Herzegovina Risk Profile Botswana Risk Profile Brazil Risk Profile British Virgin Islands Risk Profile Brunei Risk Profile Bulgaria Risk Profile Burkina Faso Risk Profile Burundi Risk Profile Cambodia Risk Profile Cameroon Risk Profile Canada Risk Profile Cape Verde Risk Profile Caribbean Central America Risk Profile Cayman Islands Risk Profile Central African Republic Risk Profile Central Asia Risk Profile Chad Risk Profile Chile Risk Profile China Risk Profile Colombia Risk Profile Comoros Risk Profile Congo Risk Profile Conterminous US Risk Profile Cook Islands Risk Profile Costa Rica Risk Profile Croatia Risk Profile Cuba Risk Profile Cyprus Risk Profile Czechia Risk Profile Democratic Republic of the Congo Risk Profile Denmark Risk Profile Djibouti Risk Profile Dominica Risk Profile Dominican Republic Risk Profile East Asia Risk Profile Ecuador Risk Profile Egypt Risk Profile El Salvador Risk Profile Equatorial Guinea Risk Profile Eritrea Risk Profile Estonia Risk Profile Eswatini Risk Profile Ethiopia Risk Profile Europe Risk Profile Fiji Risk Profile Finland Risk Profile France Risk Profile French Guiana Risk Profile Gabon Risk Profile Gambia Risk Profile Georgia Risk Profile Germany Risk Profile Ghana Risk Profile Gibraltar Risk Profile Greece Risk Profile Grenada Risk Profile Guadeloupe Risk Profile Guam Risk Profile Guatemala Risk Profile Guinea Risk Profile Guinea Bissau Risk Profile Guyana Risk Profile Haiti Risk Profile Hawaii Risk Profile Honduras Risk Profile Hong Kong Risk Profile Hungary Risk Profile Iceland Risk Profile India Risk Profile Indonesia Risk Profile Iran Risk Profile Iraq Risk Profile Ireland Risk Profile Isle of Man Risk Profile Israel Risk Profile Italy Risk Profile Ivory Coast Risk Profile Jamaica Risk Profile Japan Risk Profile Jordan Risk Profile Kazakhstan Risk Profile Kenya Risk Profile Kiribati Risk Profile Kosovo Risk Profile Kuwait Risk Profile Kyrgyzstan Risk Profile Laos Risk Profile Latvia Risk Profile Lebanon Risk Profile Lesotho Risk Profile Liberia Risk Profile Libya Risk Profile Liechtenstein Risk Profile Lithuania Risk Profile Luxembourg Risk Profile Macao Risk Profile Madagascar Risk Profile Malawi Risk Profile Malaysia Risk Profile Mali Risk Profile Malta Risk Profile Marshall Islands Risk Profile Martinique Risk Profile Mauritania Risk Profile Mauritius Risk Profile Mexico Risk Profile Micronesia Risk Profile Middle East Risk Profile Moldova Risk Profile Monaco Risk Profile Mongolia Risk Profile Montenegro Risk Profile Montserrat Risk Profile Morocco Risk Profile Mozambique Risk Profile Myanmar Risk Profile Namibia Risk Profile Nauru Risk Profile Nepal Risk Profile Netherlands Risk Profile New Caledonia Risk Profile New Zealand Risk Profile Nicaragua Risk Profile Niger Risk Profile Nigeria Risk Profile Niue Risk Profile North Africa Risk Profile North America Risk Profile North Asia Risk Profile North Korea Risk Profile North Macedonia Risk Profile North and South Korea Risk Profile Northeast Asia Risk Profile Northern Mariana Islands Risk Profile Northwest Asia Risk Profile Norway Risk Profile Oceania Risk Profile Oman Risk Profile Pacific Islands Risk Profile Pakistan Risk Profile Palau Risk Profile Palestine Risk Profile Panama Risk Profile Papua New Guinea Risk Profile Paraguay Risk Profile Peru Risk Profile Philippines Risk Profile Poland Risk Profile Portugal Risk Profile Puerto Rico Risk Profile Qatar Risk Profile Romania Risk Profile Russia Risk Profile Rwanda Risk Profile Saint Kitts and Nevis Risk Profile Saint Lucia Risk Profile Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Risk Profile Samoa Risk Profile Sao Tome and Principe Risk Profile Saudi Arabia Risk Profile Senegal Risk Profile Serbia Risk Profile Seychelles Risk Profile Sierra Leone Risk Profile Singapore Risk Profile Slovakia Risk Profile Slovenia Risk Profile Solomon Islands Risk Profile Somalia Risk Profile South Africa Risk Profile South America Risk Profile South Asia Risk Profile South Korea Risk Profile Preview Preview is not available. 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OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Western Africa Project Name Products Western Africa Hazard OpenQuake engine input model to perform hazard calculations for Western Africa Share Facebook LinkedIn Description The Western Africa model (v2018.0.0) was developed internally by GEM. The model encompasses the whole Atlantic side of the Africa continent. An ad-hoc homogenised earthquake catalogue was developed based on globally available information, which was used as the primary base for seismic occurrence analysis and the subsequent development of the source zonation model. The analysis was particularly challenging in the region, due to the severe incompleteness of calibration data, and the virtually nonexistent neotectonic information. Since the original version, an update was made to the model by the GEM hazard team, leading to the latest release (v2018.1.0), which was used in the computation of the 2023 Global Earthquake Hazard and Risk Maps. This model extends the minimum magnitude of events for crustal distributed seismicity and includes an additional GMPE in the logic tree. How to cite this work Poggi, V. (2023). PSHA input model documentation for Western Africa (WAF-2018.1.0). GEM Foundation. Available Versions The latest version (v2018.1.0) is available for direct download under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. Users interested in this version can click the "Open Version Download" button in the right panel to access the information. If your use case does not comply with the license terms, a license can be requested by clicking on the "License Request", where a specific agreement will be provided, depending on the use case. License information The open version is available under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license, which requires: *Attribution (you must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made) *Non-commercial (you may not use the material for commercial purposes) *ShareAlike (derivatives created must be made available under the same license as the original) Any deviation from these terms incur in license infringement. For commercial use of the model, a specific license agreement must be made tailored to your use case, in such instance please click on "License Request". Share License CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 Available resources Open Version Download Documentation License Request Facebook LinkedIn text Map View Search Popup title Close Country/Region Available Resources Afghanistan Exposure Africa Exposure Alaska Exposure Albania Exposure Algeria Exposure American Samoa Exposure Andorra Exposure Angola Exposure Anguilla Exposure Antigua and Barbuda Exposure Arabia Exposure Argentina Exposure Armenia Exposure Aruba Exposure Australia Exposure Austria Exposure Azerbaijan Exposure Bahamas Exposure Bahrain Exposure Bangladesh Exposure Barbados Exposure Belarus Exposure Belgium Exposure Belize Exposure Benin Exposure Bhutan Exposure Bolivia Exposure Bosnia and Herzegovina Exposure Botswana Exposure Brazil Exposure British Virgin Islands Exposure Brunei Exposure Bulgaria Exposure Burkina Faso Exposure Burundi Exposure Cambodia Exposure Cameroon Exposure Canada Exposure Cape Verde Exposure Caribbean Central America Exposure Cayman Islands Exposure Central African Republic Exposure Central Asia Exposure Chad Exposure Chile Exposure China Exposure Colombia Exposure Comoros Exposure Congo Exposure Conterminous US Exposure Cook Islands Exposure Costa Rica Exposure Croatia Exposure Cuba Exposure Cyprus Exposure Czechia Exposure Democratic Republic of the Congo Exposure Denmark Exposure Djibouti Exposure Dominica Exposure Dominican Republic Exposure East Asia Exposure Ecuador Exposure Egypt Exposure El Salvador Exposure Equatorial Guinea Exposure Eritrea Exposure Estonia Exposure Eswatini Exposure Ethiopia Exposure Europe Exposure Fiji Exposure Finland Exposure France Exposure French Guiana Exposure Gabon Exposure Gambia Exposure Georgia Exposure Germany Exposure Ghana Exposure Gibraltar Exposure Greece Exposure Grenada Exposure Guadeloupe Exposure Guam Exposure Guatemala Exposure Guinea Exposure Guinea Bissau Exposure Guyana Exposure Haiti Exposure Hawaii Exposure Honduras Exposure Hong Kong Exposure Hungary Exposure Iceland Exposure India Exposure Indonesia Exposure Iran Exposure Iraq Exposure Ireland Exposure Isle of Man Exposure Israel Exposure Italy Exposure Ivory Coast Exposure Jamaica Exposure Japan Exposure Jordan Exposure Kazakhstan Exposure Kenya Exposure Kiribati Exposure Kosovo Exposure Kuwait Exposure Kyrgyzstan Exposure Laos Exposure Latvia Exposure Lebanon Exposure Lesotho Exposure Liberia Exposure Libya Exposure Liechtenstein Exposure Lithuania Exposure Luxembourg Exposure Macao Exposure Madagascar Exposure Malawi Exposure Malaysia Exposure Mali Exposure Malta Exposure Marshall Islands Exposure Martinique Exposure Mauritania Exposure Mauritius Exposure Mexico Exposure Micronesia Exposure Middle East Exposure Moldova Exposure Monaco Exposure Mongolia Exposure Montenegro Exposure Montserrat Exposure Morocco Exposure Mozambique Exposure Myanmar Exposure Namibia Exposure Nauru Exposure Nepal Exposure Netherlands Exposure New Caledonia Exposure New Zealand Exposure Nicaragua Exposure Niger Exposure Nigeria Exposure Niue Exposure North Africa Exposure North America Exposure North Asia Exposure North Korea Exposure North Macedonia Exposure North and South Korea Exposure Northeast Asia Exposure Northern Mariana Islands Exposure Northwest Asia Exposure Norway Exposure Oceania Exposure Oman Exposure Pacific Islands Exposure Pakistan Exposure Palau Exposure Palestine Exposure Panama Exposure Papua New Guinea Exposure Paraguay Exposure Peru Exposure Philippines Exposure Poland Exposure Portugal Exposure Puerto Rico Exposure Qatar Exposure Romania Exposure Russia Exposure Rwanda Exposure Saint Kitts and Nevis Exposure Saint Lucia Exposure Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Exposure Samoa Exposure Sao Tome and Principe Exposure Saudi Arabia Exposure Senegal Exposure Serbia Exposure Seychelles Exposure Sierra Leone Exposure Singapore Exposure Slovakia Exposure Slovenia Exposure Solomon Islands Exposure Somalia Exposure South Africa Exposure South America Exposure South Asia Exposure South Korea Exposure Country/Region Available Resources Afghanistan Vulnerability Africa Vulnerability Alaska Vulnerability Albania Vulnerability Algeria Vulnerability American Samoa Vulnerability Andorra Vulnerability Angola Vulnerability Anguilla Vulnerability Antigua and Barbuda Vulnerability Arabia Vulnerability Argentina Vulnerability Armenia Vulnerability Aruba Vulnerability Australia Vulnerability Austria Vulnerability Azerbaijan Vulnerability Bahamas Vulnerability Bahrain Vulnerability Bangladesh Vulnerability Barbados Vulnerability Belarus Vulnerability Belgium Vulnerability Belize Vulnerability Benin Vulnerability Bhutan Vulnerability Bolivia Vulnerability Bosnia and Herzegovina Vulnerability Botswana Vulnerability Brazil Vulnerability British Virgin Islands Vulnerability Brunei Vulnerability Bulgaria Vulnerability Burkina Faso Vulnerability Burundi Vulnerability Cambodia Vulnerability Cameroon Vulnerability Canada Vulnerability Cape Verde Vulnerability Caribbean Central America Vulnerability Cayman Islands Vulnerability Central African Republic Vulnerability Central Asia Vulnerability Chad Vulnerability Chile Vulnerability China Vulnerability Colombia Vulnerability Comoros Vulnerability Congo Vulnerability Conterminous US Vulnerability Cook Islands Vulnerability Costa Rica Vulnerability Croatia Vulnerability Cuba Vulnerability Cyprus Vulnerability Czechia Vulnerability Democratic Republic of the Congo Vulnerability Denmark Vulnerability Djibouti Vulnerability Dominica Vulnerability Dominican Republic Vulnerability East Asia Vulnerability Ecuador Vulnerability Egypt Vulnerability El Salvador Vulnerability Equatorial Guinea Vulnerability Eritrea Vulnerability Estonia Vulnerability Eswatini Vulnerability Ethiopia Vulnerability Europe Vulnerability Fiji Vulnerability Finland Vulnerability France Vulnerability French Guiana Vulnerability Gabon Vulnerability Gambia Vulnerability Georgia Vulnerability Germany Vulnerability Ghana Vulnerability Gibraltar Vulnerability Greece Vulnerability Grenada Vulnerability Guadeloupe Vulnerability Guam Vulnerability Guatemala Vulnerability Guinea Vulnerability Guinea Bissau Vulnerability Guyana Vulnerability Haiti Vulnerability Hawaii Vulnerability Honduras Vulnerability Hong Kong Vulnerability Hungary Vulnerability Iceland Vulnerability India Vulnerability Indonesia Vulnerability Iran Vulnerability Iraq Vulnerability Ireland Vulnerability Isle of Man Vulnerability Israel Vulnerability Italy Vulnerability Ivory Coast Vulnerability Jamaica Vulnerability Japan Vulnerability Jordan Vulnerability Kazakhstan Vulnerability Kenya Vulnerability Kiribati Vulnerability Kosovo Vulnerability Kuwait Vulnerability Kyrgyzstan Vulnerability Laos Vulnerability Latvia Vulnerability Lebanon Vulnerability Lesotho Vulnerability Liberia Vulnerability Libya Vulnerability Liechtenstein Vulnerability Lithuania Vulnerability Luxembourg Vulnerability Macao Vulnerability Madagascar Vulnerability Malawi Vulnerability Malaysia Vulnerability Mali Vulnerability Malta Vulnerability Marshall Islands Vulnerability Martinique Vulnerability Mauritania Vulnerability Mauritius Vulnerability Mexico Vulnerability Micronesia Vulnerability Middle East Vulnerability Moldova Vulnerability Monaco Vulnerability Mongolia Vulnerability Montenegro Vulnerability Montserrat Vulnerability Morocco Vulnerability Mozambique Vulnerability Myanmar Vulnerability Namibia Vulnerability Nauru Vulnerability Nepal Vulnerability Netherlands Vulnerability New Caledonia Vulnerability New Zealand Vulnerability Nicaragua Vulnerability Niger Vulnerability Nigeria Vulnerability Niue Vulnerability North Africa Vulnerability North America Vulnerability North Asia Vulnerability North Korea Vulnerability North Macedonia Vulnerability North and South Korea Vulnerability Northeast Asia Vulnerability Northern Mariana Islands Vulnerability Northwest Asia Vulnerability Norway Vulnerability Oceania Vulnerability Oman Vulnerability Pacific Islands Vulnerability Pakistan Vulnerability Palau Vulnerability Palestine Vulnerability Panama Vulnerability Papua New Guinea Vulnerability Paraguay Vulnerability Peru Vulnerability Philippines Vulnerability Poland Vulnerability Portugal Vulnerability Puerto Rico Vulnerability Qatar Vulnerability Romania Vulnerability Russia Vulnerability Rwanda Vulnerability Saint Kitts and Nevis Vulnerability Saint Lucia Vulnerability Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Vulnerability Samoa Vulnerability Sao Tome and Principe Vulnerability Saudi Arabia Vulnerability Senegal Vulnerability Serbia Vulnerability Seychelles Vulnerability Sierra Leone Vulnerability Singapore Vulnerability Slovakia Vulnerability Slovenia Vulnerability Solomon Islands Vulnerability Somalia Vulnerability South Africa Vulnerability South America Vulnerability South Asia Vulnerability South Korea Vulnerability Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Risk Profile Africa Risk Profile Alaska Risk Profile Albania Risk Profile Algeria Risk Profile American Samoa Risk Profile Andorra Risk Profile Angola Risk Profile Anguilla Risk Profile Antigua and Barbuda Risk Profile Arabia Risk Profile Argentina Risk Profile Armenia Risk Profile Aruba Risk Profile Australia Risk Profile Austria Risk Profile Azerbaijan Risk Profile Bahamas Risk Profile Bahrain Risk Profile Bangladesh Risk Profile Barbados Risk Profile Belarus Risk Profile Belgium Risk Profile Belize Risk Profile Benin Risk Profile Bhutan Risk Profile Bolivia Risk Profile Bosnia and Herzegovina Risk Profile Botswana Risk Profile Brazil Risk Profile British Virgin Islands Risk Profile Brunei Risk Profile Bulgaria Risk Profile Burkina Faso Risk Profile Burundi Risk Profile Cambodia Risk Profile Cameroon Risk Profile Canada Risk Profile Cape Verde Risk Profile Caribbean Central America Risk Profile Cayman Islands Risk Profile Central African Republic Risk Profile Central Asia Risk Profile Chad Risk Profile Chile Risk Profile China Risk Profile Colombia Risk Profile Comoros Risk Profile Congo Risk Profile Conterminous US Risk Profile Cook Islands Risk Profile Costa Rica Risk Profile Croatia Risk Profile Cuba Risk Profile Cyprus Risk Profile Czechia Risk Profile Democratic Republic of the Congo Risk Profile Denmark Risk Profile Djibouti Risk Profile Dominica Risk Profile Dominican Republic Risk Profile East Asia Risk Profile Ecuador Risk Profile Egypt Risk Profile El Salvador Risk Profile Equatorial Guinea Risk Profile Eritrea Risk Profile Estonia Risk Profile Eswatini Risk Profile Ethiopia Risk Profile Europe Risk Profile Fiji Risk Profile Finland Risk Profile France Risk Profile French Guiana Risk Profile Gabon Risk Profile Gambia Risk Profile Georgia Risk Profile Germany Risk Profile Ghana Risk Profile Gibraltar Risk Profile Greece Risk Profile Grenada Risk Profile Guadeloupe Risk Profile Guam Risk Profile Guatemala Risk Profile Guinea Risk Profile Guinea Bissau Risk Profile Guyana Risk Profile Haiti Risk Profile Hawaii Risk Profile Honduras Risk Profile Hong Kong Risk Profile Hungary Risk Profile Iceland Risk Profile India Risk Profile Indonesia Risk Profile Iran Risk Profile Iraq Risk Profile Ireland Risk Profile Isle of Man Risk Profile Israel Risk Profile Italy Risk Profile Ivory Coast Risk Profile Jamaica Risk Profile Japan Risk Profile Jordan Risk Profile Kazakhstan Risk Profile Kenya Risk Profile Kiribati Risk Profile Kosovo Risk Profile Kuwait Risk Profile Kyrgyzstan Risk Profile Laos Risk Profile Latvia Risk Profile Lebanon Risk Profile Lesotho Risk Profile Liberia Risk Profile Libya Risk Profile Liechtenstein Risk Profile Lithuania Risk Profile Luxembourg Risk Profile Macao Risk Profile Madagascar Risk Profile Malawi Risk Profile Malaysia Risk Profile Mali Risk Profile Malta Risk Profile Marshall Islands Risk Profile Martinique Risk Profile Mauritania Risk Profile Mauritius Risk Profile Mexico Risk Profile Micronesia Risk Profile Middle East Risk Profile Moldova Risk Profile Monaco Risk Profile Mongolia Risk Profile Montenegro Risk Profile Montserrat Risk Profile Morocco Risk Profile Mozambique Risk Profile Myanmar Risk Profile Namibia Risk Profile Nauru Risk Profile Nepal Risk Profile Netherlands Risk Profile New Caledonia Risk Profile New Zealand Risk Profile Nicaragua Risk Profile Niger Risk Profile Nigeria Risk Profile Niue Risk Profile North Africa Risk Profile North America Risk Profile North Asia Risk Profile North Korea Risk Profile North Macedonia Risk Profile North and South Korea Risk Profile Northeast Asia Risk Profile Northern Mariana Islands Risk Profile Northwest Asia Risk Profile Norway Risk Profile Oceania Risk Profile Oman Risk Profile Pacific Islands Risk Profile Pakistan Risk Profile Palau Risk Profile Palestine Risk Profile Panama Risk Profile Papua New Guinea Risk Profile Paraguay Risk Profile Peru Risk Profile Philippines Risk Profile Poland Risk Profile Portugal Risk Profile Puerto Rico Risk Profile Qatar Risk Profile Romania Risk Profile Russia Risk Profile Rwanda Risk Profile Saint Kitts and Nevis Risk Profile Saint Lucia Risk Profile Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Risk Profile Samoa Risk Profile Sao Tome and Principe Risk Profile Saudi Arabia Risk Profile Senegal Risk Profile Serbia Risk Profile Seychelles Risk Profile Sierra Leone Risk Profile Singapore Risk Profile Slovakia Risk Profile Slovenia Risk Profile Solomon Islands Risk Profile Somalia Risk Profile South Africa Risk Profile South America Risk Profile South Asia Risk Profile South Korea Risk Profile Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Exposure Africa Exposure Alaska Exposure Albania Exposure Algeria Exposure American Samoa Exposure Andorra Exposure Angola Exposure Anguilla Exposure Antigua and Barbuda Exposure Arabia Exposure Argentina Exposure Armenia Exposure Aruba Exposure Australia Exposure Austria Exposure Azerbaijan Exposure Bahamas Exposure Bahrain Exposure Bangladesh Exposure Barbados Exposure Belarus Exposure Belgium Exposure Belize Exposure Benin Exposure Bhutan Exposure Bolivia Exposure Bosnia and Herzegovina Exposure Botswana Exposure Brazil Exposure British Virgin Islands Exposure Brunei Exposure Bulgaria Exposure Burkina Faso Exposure Burundi Exposure Cambodia Exposure Cameroon Exposure Canada Exposure Cape Verde Exposure Caribbean Central America Exposure Cayman Islands Exposure Central African Republic Exposure Central Asia Exposure Chad Exposure Chile Exposure China Exposure Colombia Exposure Comoros Exposure Congo Exposure Conterminous US Exposure Cook Islands Exposure Costa Rica Exposure Croatia Exposure Cuba Exposure Cyprus Exposure Czechia Exposure Democratic Republic of the Congo Exposure Denmark Exposure Djibouti Exposure Dominica Exposure Dominican Republic Exposure East Asia Exposure Ecuador Exposure Egypt Exposure El Salvador Exposure Equatorial Guinea Exposure Eritrea Exposure Estonia Exposure Eswatini Exposure Ethiopia Exposure Europe Exposure Fiji Exposure Finland Exposure France Exposure French Guiana Exposure Gabon Exposure Gambia Exposure Georgia Exposure Germany Exposure Ghana Exposure Gibraltar Exposure Greece Exposure Grenada Exposure Guadeloupe Exposure Guam Exposure Guatemala Exposure Guinea Exposure Guinea Bissau Exposure Guyana Exposure Haiti Exposure Hawaii Exposure Honduras Exposure Hong Kong Exposure Hungary Exposure Iceland Exposure India Exposure Indonesia Exposure Iran Exposure Iraq Exposure Ireland Exposure Isle of Man Exposure Israel Exposure Italy Exposure Ivory Coast Exposure Jamaica Exposure Japan Exposure Jordan Exposure Kazakhstan Exposure Kenya Exposure Kiribati Exposure Kosovo Exposure Kuwait Exposure Kyrgyzstan Exposure Laos Exposure Latvia Exposure Lebanon Exposure Lesotho Exposure Liberia Exposure Libya Exposure Liechtenstein Exposure Lithuania Exposure Luxembourg Exposure Macao Exposure Madagascar Exposure Malawi Exposure Malaysia Exposure Mali Exposure Malta Exposure Marshall Islands Exposure Martinique Exposure Mauritania Exposure Mauritius Exposure Mexico Exposure Micronesia Exposure Middle East Exposure Moldova Exposure Monaco Exposure Mongolia Exposure Montenegro Exposure Montserrat Exposure Morocco Exposure Mozambique Exposure Myanmar Exposure Namibia Exposure Nauru Exposure Nepal Exposure Netherlands Exposure New Caledonia Exposure New Zealand Exposure Nicaragua Exposure Niger Exposure Nigeria Exposure Niue Exposure North Africa Exposure North America Exposure North Asia Exposure North Korea Exposure North Macedonia Exposure North and South Korea Exposure Northeast Asia Exposure Northern Mariana Islands Exposure Northwest Asia Exposure Norway Exposure Oceania Exposure Oman Exposure Pacific Islands Exposure Pakistan Exposure Palau Exposure Palestine Exposure Panama Exposure Papua New Guinea Exposure Paraguay Exposure Peru Exposure Philippines Exposure Poland Exposure Portugal Exposure Puerto Rico Exposure Qatar Exposure Romania Exposure Russia Exposure Rwanda Exposure Saint Kitts and Nevis Exposure Saint Lucia Exposure Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Exposure Samoa Exposure Sao Tome and Principe Exposure Saudi Arabia Exposure Senegal Exposure Serbia Exposure Seychelles Exposure Sierra Leone Exposure Singapore Exposure Slovakia Exposure Slovenia Exposure Solomon Islands Exposure Somalia Exposure South Africa Exposure South America Exposure South Asia Exposure South Korea Exposure Preview Preview is not available. Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Vulnerability Africa Vulnerability Alaska Vulnerability Albania Vulnerability Algeria Vulnerability American Samoa Vulnerability Andorra Vulnerability Angola Vulnerability Anguilla Vulnerability Antigua and Barbuda Vulnerability Arabia Vulnerability Argentina Vulnerability Armenia Vulnerability Aruba Vulnerability Australia Vulnerability Austria Vulnerability Azerbaijan Vulnerability Bahamas Vulnerability Bahrain Vulnerability Bangladesh Vulnerability Barbados Vulnerability Belarus Vulnerability Belgium Vulnerability Belize Vulnerability Benin Vulnerability Bhutan Vulnerability Bolivia Vulnerability Bosnia and Herzegovina Vulnerability Botswana Vulnerability Brazil Vulnerability British Virgin Islands Vulnerability Brunei Vulnerability Bulgaria Vulnerability Burkina Faso Vulnerability Burundi Vulnerability Cambodia Vulnerability Cameroon Vulnerability Canada Vulnerability Cape Verde Vulnerability Caribbean Central America Vulnerability Cayman Islands Vulnerability Central African Republic Vulnerability Central Asia Vulnerability Chad Vulnerability Chile Vulnerability China Vulnerability Colombia Vulnerability Comoros Vulnerability Congo Vulnerability Conterminous US Vulnerability Cook Islands Vulnerability Costa Rica Vulnerability Croatia Vulnerability Cuba Vulnerability Cyprus Vulnerability Czechia Vulnerability Democratic Republic of the Congo Vulnerability Denmark Vulnerability Djibouti Vulnerability Dominica Vulnerability Dominican Republic Vulnerability East Asia Vulnerability Ecuador Vulnerability Egypt Vulnerability El Salvador Vulnerability Equatorial Guinea Vulnerability Eritrea Vulnerability Estonia Vulnerability Eswatini Vulnerability Ethiopia Vulnerability Europe Vulnerability Fiji Vulnerability Finland Vulnerability France Vulnerability French Guiana Vulnerability Gabon Vulnerability Gambia Vulnerability Georgia Vulnerability Germany Vulnerability Ghana Vulnerability Gibraltar Vulnerability Greece Vulnerability Grenada Vulnerability Guadeloupe Vulnerability Guam Vulnerability Guatemala Vulnerability Guinea Vulnerability Guinea Bissau Vulnerability Guyana Vulnerability Haiti Vulnerability Hawaii Vulnerability Honduras Vulnerability Hong Kong Vulnerability Hungary Vulnerability Iceland Vulnerability India Vulnerability Indonesia Vulnerability Iran Vulnerability Iraq Vulnerability Ireland Vulnerability Isle of Man Vulnerability Israel Vulnerability Italy Vulnerability Ivory Coast Vulnerability Jamaica Vulnerability Japan Vulnerability Jordan Vulnerability Kazakhstan Vulnerability Kenya Vulnerability Kiribati Vulnerability Kosovo Vulnerability Kuwait Vulnerability Kyrgyzstan Vulnerability Laos Vulnerability Latvia Vulnerability Lebanon Vulnerability Lesotho Vulnerability Liberia Vulnerability Libya Vulnerability Liechtenstein Vulnerability Lithuania Vulnerability Luxembourg Vulnerability Macao Vulnerability Madagascar Vulnerability Malawi Vulnerability Malaysia Vulnerability Mali Vulnerability Malta Vulnerability Marshall Islands Vulnerability Martinique Vulnerability Mauritania Vulnerability Mauritius Vulnerability Mexico Vulnerability Micronesia Vulnerability Middle East Vulnerability Moldova Vulnerability Monaco Vulnerability Mongolia Vulnerability Montenegro Vulnerability Montserrat Vulnerability Morocco Vulnerability Mozambique Vulnerability Myanmar Vulnerability Namibia Vulnerability Nauru Vulnerability Nepal Vulnerability Netherlands Vulnerability New Caledonia Vulnerability New Zealand Vulnerability Nicaragua Vulnerability Niger Vulnerability Nigeria Vulnerability Niue Vulnerability North Africa Vulnerability North America Vulnerability North Asia Vulnerability North Korea Vulnerability North Macedonia Vulnerability North and South Korea Vulnerability Northeast Asia Vulnerability Northern Mariana Islands Vulnerability Northwest Asia Vulnerability Norway Vulnerability Oceania Vulnerability Oman Vulnerability Pacific Islands Vulnerability Pakistan Vulnerability Palau Vulnerability Palestine Vulnerability Panama Vulnerability Papua New Guinea Vulnerability Paraguay Vulnerability Peru Vulnerability Philippines Vulnerability Poland Vulnerability Portugal Vulnerability Puerto Rico Vulnerability Qatar Vulnerability Romania Vulnerability Russia Vulnerability Rwanda Vulnerability Saint Kitts and Nevis Vulnerability Saint Lucia Vulnerability Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Vulnerability Samoa Vulnerability Sao Tome and Principe Vulnerability Saudi Arabia Vulnerability Senegal Vulnerability Serbia Vulnerability Seychelles Vulnerability Sierra Leone Vulnerability Singapore Vulnerability Slovakia Vulnerability Slovenia Vulnerability Solomon Islands Vulnerability Somalia Vulnerability South Africa Vulnerability South America Vulnerability South Asia Vulnerability South Korea Vulnerability Preview Preview is not available. Search Found Country/Region Resource Url Afghanistan Risk Profile Africa Risk Profile Alaska Risk Profile Albania Risk Profile Algeria Risk Profile American Samoa Risk Profile Andorra Risk Profile Angola Risk Profile Anguilla Risk Profile Antigua and Barbuda Risk Profile Arabia Risk Profile Argentina Risk Profile Armenia Risk Profile Aruba Risk Profile Australia Risk Profile Austria Risk Profile Azerbaijan Risk Profile Bahamas Risk Profile Bahrain Risk Profile Bangladesh Risk Profile Barbados Risk Profile Belarus Risk Profile Belgium Risk Profile Belize Risk Profile Benin Risk Profile Bhutan Risk Profile Bolivia Risk Profile Bosnia and Herzegovina Risk Profile Botswana Risk Profile Brazil Risk Profile British Virgin Islands Risk Profile Brunei Risk Profile Bulgaria Risk Profile Burkina Faso Risk Profile Burundi Risk Profile Cambodia Risk Profile Cameroon Risk Profile Canada Risk Profile Cape Verde Risk Profile Caribbean Central America Risk Profile Cayman Islands Risk Profile Central African Republic Risk Profile Central Asia Risk Profile Chad Risk Profile Chile Risk Profile China Risk Profile Colombia Risk Profile Comoros Risk Profile Congo Risk Profile Conterminous US Risk Profile Cook Islands Risk Profile Costa Rica Risk Profile Croatia Risk Profile Cuba Risk Profile Cyprus Risk Profile Czechia Risk Profile Democratic Republic of the Congo Risk Profile Denmark Risk Profile Djibouti Risk Profile Dominica Risk Profile Dominican Republic Risk Profile East Asia Risk Profile Ecuador Risk Profile Egypt Risk Profile El Salvador Risk Profile Equatorial Guinea Risk Profile Eritrea Risk Profile Estonia Risk Profile Eswatini Risk Profile Ethiopia Risk Profile Europe Risk Profile Fiji Risk Profile Finland Risk Profile France Risk Profile French Guiana Risk Profile Gabon Risk Profile Gambia Risk Profile Georgia Risk Profile Germany Risk Profile Ghana Risk Profile Gibraltar Risk Profile Greece Risk Profile Grenada Risk Profile Guadeloupe Risk Profile Guam Risk Profile Guatemala Risk Profile Guinea Risk Profile Guinea Bissau Risk Profile Guyana Risk Profile Haiti Risk Profile Hawaii Risk Profile Honduras Risk Profile Hong Kong Risk Profile Hungary Risk Profile Iceland Risk Profile India Risk Profile Indonesia Risk Profile Iran Risk Profile Iraq Risk Profile Ireland Risk Profile Isle of Man Risk Profile Israel Risk Profile Italy Risk Profile Ivory Coast Risk Profile Jamaica Risk Profile Japan Risk Profile Jordan Risk Profile Kazakhstan Risk Profile Kenya Risk Profile Kiribati Risk Profile Kosovo Risk Profile Kuwait Risk Profile Kyrgyzstan Risk Profile Laos Risk Profile Latvia Risk Profile Lebanon Risk Profile Lesotho Risk Profile Liberia Risk Profile Libya Risk Profile Liechtenstein Risk Profile Lithuania Risk Profile Luxembourg Risk Profile Macao Risk Profile Madagascar Risk Profile Malawi Risk Profile Malaysia Risk Profile Mali Risk Profile Malta Risk Profile Marshall Islands Risk Profile Martinique Risk Profile Mauritania Risk Profile Mauritius Risk Profile Mexico Risk Profile Micronesia Risk Profile Middle East Risk Profile Moldova Risk Profile Monaco Risk Profile Mongolia Risk Profile Montenegro Risk Profile Montserrat Risk Profile Morocco Risk Profile Mozambique Risk Profile Myanmar Risk Profile Namibia Risk Profile Nauru Risk Profile Nepal Risk Profile Netherlands Risk Profile New Caledonia Risk Profile New Zealand Risk Profile Nicaragua Risk Profile Niger Risk Profile Nigeria Risk Profile Niue Risk Profile North Africa Risk Profile North America Risk Profile North Asia Risk Profile North Korea Risk Profile North Macedonia Risk Profile North and South Korea Risk Profile Northeast Asia Risk Profile Northern Mariana Islands Risk Profile Northwest Asia Risk Profile Norway Risk Profile Oceania Risk Profile Oman Risk Profile Pacific Islands Risk Profile Pakistan Risk Profile Palau Risk Profile Palestine Risk Profile Panama Risk Profile Papua New Guinea Risk Profile Paraguay Risk Profile Peru Risk Profile Philippines Risk Profile Poland Risk Profile Portugal Risk Profile Puerto Rico Risk Profile Qatar Risk Profile Romania Risk Profile Russia Risk Profile Rwanda Risk Profile Saint Kitts and Nevis Risk Profile Saint Lucia Risk Profile Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Risk Profile Samoa Risk Profile Sao Tome and Principe Risk Profile Saudi Arabia Risk Profile Senegal Risk Profile Serbia Risk Profile Seychelles Risk Profile Sierra Leone Risk Profile Singapore Risk Profile Slovakia Risk Profile Slovenia Risk Profile Solomon Islands Risk Profile Somalia Risk Profile South Africa Risk Profile South America Risk Profile South Asia Risk Profile South Korea Risk Profile Preview Preview is not available. 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Publications Exposure forecasting for seismic risk estimation: Application to Costa Rica Share Facebook LinkedIn Download 2021 | Peer-reviewed This study proposes a framework to forecast the spatial distribution of population and residential buildings for the assessment of future disaster risk. The approach accounts for the number, location, and characteristics of future assets considering sources of aleatory and epistemic uncertainty in several time-dependent variables. The value of the methodology is demonstrated at the urban scale using an earthquake scenario for the Great Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica. Hundreds of trajectories representing future urban growth were generated using geographically weighted regression and multiple-agent systems. These were converted into exposure models featuring the spatial correlation of urban expansion and the densification of the built environment. The forecasted earthquake losses indicate a mean increase in the absolute human and economic losses by 2030. However, the trajectory of relative risk is reducing, suggesting that the long-term enforcement of seismic regulations and urban planning are effectively lowering seismic risk in the case of Costa Rica.

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